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Treatment included high\u2010dose carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine and melphalan in 84 patients and high\u2010dose idarubicin and melphalan in 13 patients with subsequent peripheral hemopoietic stem cells transplant. Outcomes were evaluated in terms of progression\u2010free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). In order to identify prognostic factors for outcome, a multivariate analysis for age, sex, disease status (refractory\/relapsed), disease stage, B symptoms, presence of extranodal involvement, bulky disease, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, number of previous chemotherapy lines, remission status before transplant, 18F\u2010fluoro\u2010deoxy\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010glucose positron emission tomography (<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>FDG\u2010PET) status before and after transplant was done. A clinical response was achieved in 91% of patients, with complete remissions in 76\/97 patients. With a median follow\u2010up of 45\u2009months (range 1\u2013164\u2009months), 5\u2010year PFS and OS were 64% and 71%, respectively. Remission status after induction therapy, 18F\u2010fluoro\u2010deoxy\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010glucose positron emission tomography status before and after transplant were the most important prognostic factors for PFS and OS in univariate or multivariate analyses. HDCT is able to induce a high remission rate and a prolonged PFS in more than 50% of the patients with refractory and relapsed HL. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,3]],"date-time":"2012-04-03T12:28:14Z","timestamp":1333456094000},"page":"34-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["High\u2010dose chemotherapy in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma patients: a reappraisal of prognostic factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Cocorocchio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematoncology Division European Institute of Oncology  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Peccatori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematoncology Division European Institute of Oncology  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Vanazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematoncology Division European Institute of Oncology  Milan 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