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Pirarubicin [tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP)], a derivative of DOX, is an anthracycline with reportedly less cardiotoxicity than DOX. Here, we confirmed the efficacy of THP\u2010COP using THP instead of DOX in the treatment of PTCL\u2010NOS. The study protocol employed a retrospective, consecutive entry design. We retrospectively analysed 56 patients with PTCL\u2010NOS who had received THP\u2010COP or CHOP. These regimens were performed every 21\u2009days. Twenty\u2010nine patients received THP\u2010COP, and 27 received CHOP. There were no significant differences in known prognostic factors, including in the International Prognostic Index (IPI) and the prognostic index for T\u2010cell lymphoma (PIT), between the two groups. Complete remission rates in patients with THP\u2010COP and CHOP were 52% in both groups; the 3\u2010year overall survival (OS) rates were 67% and 52% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.074), and the 3\u2010year progression\u2010free survival (PFS) rates were 51% and 29% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.070), respectively. In patients with low IPI (low or low\u2010intermediate), THP\u2010COP had significantly better 3\u2010year OS (100% vs. 64%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and 3\u2010year PFS (75% vs. 33%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) than CHOP. Similar differences between THP\u2010COP and CHOP were observed in patients with a low PIT (groups 1 or 2). Our study showed that THP\u2010COP produced results equivalent to CHOP regarding efficacy and safety in patients with PTCL\u2010NOS. In patients with low IPI or PIT, THP\u2010COP resulted in significantly better prognosis. Copyright \u00a9 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,9]],"date-time":"2015-10-09T07:58:47Z","timestamp":1444377527000},"page":"163-171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["CHOP or THP\u2010COP regimens in the treatment of newly diagnosed peripheral T\u2010cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: a comparison of doxorubicin and pirarubicin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Yuhei","family":"Shibata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine  Gifu 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