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Thiotepa, an alkylating agent with excellent cytotoxicity and blood\u2012brain barrier permeability, has been widely used in conditioning regimens for lymphoma and has recently been used in patients with acute leukemia with central nervous system involvement. The aim of this retrospective study was to observe the efficacy and safety of a conditioning regimen comprising thiotepa, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide (TBC) for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo\u2010HSCT) in patients with R\/R hematologic diseases. Between July 2022 and December 2023, 27 patients were selected. With a median follow\u2010up of 609 (243\u2013954) days, the 1\u2010year and estimated 2\u2010year overall survival (OS) rates were 85.2%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.8% and 76.5%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.5%, respectively. The 1\u2010year and estimated 2\u2010year disease\u2010free survival (DFS) rates were 81.5%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.5% and 62.8%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.2%, respectively. Six patients experienced relapse, and the 1\u2010year and estimated 2\u2010year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) rates were 14.8%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.8% and 31.0%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.6%, respectively. Two patients died from graft\u2010versus\u2010host disease (GVHD) or infection. The 1\u2010year and estimated 2\u2010year nonrelapse mortality (NRM) rates were 4.2%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.1% and 8.5%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.8%, respectively. 14 (51.9%) patients received maintenance therapy after allo\u2010HSCT. Regimen\u2010related toxicities were mostly well tolerated. Multivariate analysis revealed that failure to achieve first complete remission (CR1) before HSCT and previous treatment with CAR\u2010T cell were predictors of poor DFS. This study suggests that the TBC conditioning regimen may be a promising option for patients with R\/R hematologic diseases undergoing allo\u2010HSCT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.70138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T16:44:49Z","timestamp":1765817089000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thiotepa and Busulfan Combined With Cyclophosphamide Conditioning Regimen Plus Maintenance Therapy Improved the Disease\u2010Free Survival of Patients With Relapsed\/Refractory Hematologic Malignancies After Undergoing Allogeneic Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Shulian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Institute of Hematology &amp; Blood Diseases Hospital 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