{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T01:47:41Z","timestamp":1786499261377,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hematological Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR\u2010T) cell therapies have revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies, achieving high response rates in patients with relapsed or refractory disease. Despite these benefits, CAR\u2010T cell therapies are associated with unique toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell\u2010associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), immune cell\u2010associated hematotoxicity (ICAHT), and immune effector cell\u2010associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis\u2010like syndrome (IEC\u2010HS), which is characterized by a rare and life\u2010threatening hyperinflammatory response. This paper presents a case of a 56\u2010year\u2010old woman with relapsed mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) treated with the CAR\u2010T cell therapy, brexucabtagene autoleucel, who had subsequently developed CRS and later IEC\u2010HS. Initial management included tocilizumab, corticosteroids, and anakinra, followed by the compassionate use of emapalumab, an interferon\u2010\u03b3 blocker. To provide broader context, we conducted a literature review of CAR\u2010T cell\u2010related toxicities, focusing on IEC\u2010HS and its management with emapalumab. Clinical and laboratory manifestations, such as elevated ferritin levels, cytopenias, and organ dysfunction, underpin the diagnostic criteria for IEC\u2010HS. Vigilant monitoring and tailored therapeutic approaches are required to effectively manage toxicities associated with CAR\u2010T cell therapy, to maximize its benefits and minimize adverse effects. In more severe IEC\u2010HS cases, emapalumab may be used as an effective targeted therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.70157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T09:25:08Z","timestamp":1764321908000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Managing Treatment\u2010Emergent Immune Effector Cell\u2010Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis\u2010Like Syndrome Following CAR\u2010T Cell Therapy: A Case\u2010Based Review of the use of Emapalumab"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6926-3648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Livia","family":"Donzelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Unit, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine Sapienza University  Rome 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