{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T11:47:40Z","timestamp":1789213660205,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hematological Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The optimal second\u2010line chemotherapy regimen for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B\u2010cell lymphoma (R\/R DLBCL) remains uncertain. We retrospectively compared efficacy and safety between gemcitabine, carboplatin, dexamethasone, and rituximab (GCD\u2010R) and cyclophosphamide, high\u2010dose cytarabine, dexamethasone, etoposide, and rituximab (CHASER) as second\u2010line treatments for R\/R DLBCL. We evaluated 68\u00a0R\/R DLBCL patients receiving either GCD\u2010R (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a042) or CHASER (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a026) as second\u2010line treatment between 2004 and 2020. The primary endpoint was the complete response rate (CRR). Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), progression\u2010free survival (PFS), and adverse events. CRR (43% vs. 42%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a01.00) and ORR (60% vs. 50%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.46) were comparable between GCD\u2010R and CHASER groups. Median OS (GCD\u2010R 18.6\u00a0months, CHASER 11.2\u00a0months;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.93) and median PFS (GCD\u2010R 10.0\u00a0months, CHASER 4.6\u00a0months;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.47) showed no significant differences between groups. Further, among patients who subsequently underwent autologous stem cell transplantation, OS was also comparable between groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.44). However, febrile neutropenia was significantly less frequent with GCD\u2010R (33%) than with CHASER (92%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). As GCD\u2010R predominantly uses peripheral intravenous catheters, whereas CHASER frequently requires central venous access, catheter management was significantly simpler with GCD\u2010R (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). GCD\u2010R demonstrated equivalent efficacy to CHASER with significantly reduced toxicity and improved patient management, supporting its use as an effective and well\u2010tolerated salvage therapy for R\/R DLBCL. GCD\u2010R represents a feasible treatment option not only for elderly patients, but also for patients eligible for subsequent stem cell transplantation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.70164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T05:41:12Z","timestamp":1766727672000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gemcitabine, Carboplatin, Dexamethasone, and Rituximab Versus High\u2010Dose Cytarabine\u2010Based Chemotherapy as Second\u2010Line Treatments for Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B\u2010Cell Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4780-9137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Ikoma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Infectious Disease Gifu University Hospital  Gifu Japan"},{"name":"Center for Nutrition Support and Infection Control Gifu University Hospital  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Infectious Disease Gifu University Hospital  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Gifu Municipal Hospital  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Hayase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Gifu\u2010Seino Medical Center Seino Kosei Hospital  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Infectious Disease Gifu University Hospital  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhei","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Gifu Municipal Hospital  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Infectious Disease Gifu University Hospital  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology Matsunami General Hospital  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology Matsunami General Hospital  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuji","family":"Morishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Matsunami General Hospital  Gifu Japan"},{"name":"Healthcare Economics and Quality Management Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Kanemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Infectious Disease Gifu University Hospital  Gifu Japan"},{"name":"Department of Hematology Chuno Kosei Hospital  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senji","family":"Kasahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Gifu Municipal Hospital  Gifu Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Promotion Gifu Pharmaceutical University  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideko","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Chuno Kosei Hospital  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Fukuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Japanese Red Cross Takayama Hospital  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology Matsunami General Hospital  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michio","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Japanese Red Cross Gifu Hospital  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Tsurumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Infectious Disease Gifu University Hospital  Gifu Japan"},{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology Matsunami General Hospital  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1151-2058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahito","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Infectious Disease Gifu University Hospital  Gifu 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