{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:59:32Z","timestamp":1790657972170,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hematological Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T\u2010cell therapy targeting B\u2010cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a highly effective treatment option for patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). However, reliable biomarkers predicting long\u2010term treatment response remain elusive. Germline single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immune checkpoint regulators, including cytotoxic T\u2010lymphocyte\u2013associated protein 4 (CTLA4) and lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) may affect CAR T\u2010cell functionality and clinical efficacy. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 87 patients with RRMM treated with BCMA\u2010directed CAR T\u2010cells at a single academic center between May 2021 and September 2025, evaluating the impact of CTLA4 rs231775 and LAG3 rs870849 on relapse, progression\u2010free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). The minor allele rs231775 of CTLA4 was present in 48%, while the minor allele of LAG3 rs870849 was observed in 87% of patients. Carriers of the CTLA4 rs231775 minor allele demonstrated lower relapse (40 vs. 53%) and mortality rates (31 vs. 44%) compared with major allele homozygotes, accompanied by significantly prolonged PFS and OS. Likewise, patients homozygous for the LAG3 rs870849 minor allele experienced reduced relapse (36 vs. 52%) and mortality rates (28 vs. 42%), significantly longer PFS, and a trend toward improved OS relative to carriers of the major allele. In conclusion, in our study, the minor alleles of CTLA4 rs231775 and LAG3 rs870849 were associated with superior clinical outcomes following BCMA\u2010directed CAR T\u2010cell therapy in RRMM patients. These findings suggest to further evaluate whether immune checkpoint SNPs could be biomarkers predicting response to BCMA\u2010directed CAR T\u2010cell therapy in MM which needs prospective studies and validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.70267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:47:02Z","timestamp":1790657222000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Impact of CTLA4 and LAG3 Single\u2010Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated With BCMA CAR T\u2010Cell Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Suter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Inselspital Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Bertschinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Inselspital Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0592-091X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inna","family":"Shaforostova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Inselspital Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Noelle","family":"Kronig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Inselspital Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern 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