{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T23:16:24Z","timestamp":1780614984970,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003921","name":"Department of Health and Aged Care, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Prom J of Aust"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Crystal methamphetamine use is a global health concern and highly stigmatised. Amid increased international focus on drug use as a health concern, the current study aimed to examine knowledge and attitudes around crystal methamphetamine among key groups in a contemporary Australian community sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional online survey was conducted in February\u2013April 2022 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009736), open to all Australian residents aged 18\u2009years and over. Knowledge and attitudes were assessed among people who use crystal methamphetamine, family\/friends, health workers, and the general community. Data was combined with a previous 2019 survey (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092108) and linear regression examined factors associated with knowledge and attitudes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Stigmatising attitudes were common among people who had not used crystal methamphetamine, and they were more likely to endorse negative statements than those who had. Family\/friends and community members, females, and respondents from regional areas had the highest stigma scores. Of those who used crystal methamphetamine, 70.9% reported experiencing discrimination. Higher knowledge scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were significantly associated with less stigmatising attitudes as was being surveyed in 2022 compared to 2019. Health workers demonstrated the highest knowledge scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stigmatising attitudes towards crystal methamphetamine remain prevalent, and experiences of discrimination towards people who use it are common. Evidence\u2010based education and initiatives to reduce both public and self\u2010stigma associated with crystal methamphetamine are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>So What?<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stigma towards people who use methamphetamine remains common in Australia. This study highlights the need for targeted, evidence\u2010based stigma reduction strategies to encourage help\u2010seeking and improve health outcomes for people who use methamphetamine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hpja.70096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T06:00:12Z","timestamp":1756792812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Knowledge and Attitudes About Crystal Methamphetamine Among Key Community Groups in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2494-4391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steph","family":"Kershaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5599-1858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelia","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1335-1382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Birrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7322-9091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Grager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9698-6198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Deen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6305-2623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola C.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3656-4655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lexine A.","family":"Stapinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8319-9366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrina E.","family":"Champion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4252-5572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frances","family":"Kay\u2010Lambkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute  Newcastle Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6744-463X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maree","family":"Teesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0096-4330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2460-6862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cath","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102982"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-019-00171-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2013.782046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Reducing Stigma and Discrimination for People Experiencing Problematic Alcohol and Other Drug Use","author":"Lancaster K.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687637.2019.1679089"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091450918823340"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954\u2010017\u20100175\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare \u201cNational Drug Strategy Household Survey 2022\u20132023 \u201d 2024 Canberra https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/illicit\u2010use\u2010of\u2010drugs\/national\u2010drug\u2010strategy\u2010household\u2010survey\/contents\/about."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare \u201cAustralian Burden of Disease Study 2015: Interactive Data on Risk Factor Burden \u201d 2020 Canberra https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/burden\u2010of\u2010disease\/interactive\u2010data\u2010risk\u2010factor\u2010burden."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmqr.2023.100295"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2021.1875215"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17570971211225145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32230-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100614531398"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","unstructured":"Rethink Addiction \u201cOur Story \u201d 2023 https:\/\/www.rethinkaddiction.org.au\/about."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20428"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(22)01470\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17465721111134547"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.8891"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/29026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080701202627"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.4.342"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2008.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2019.1680647"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888\u2010014\u20100373\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2012.703510"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5708\/EJMH.12.2017.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics \u201cPopulation: Census \u201d 2021 ABS Website https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/people\/population\/population\u2010census\/2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465\u20103362.2010.00239.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.13030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13622"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","unstructured":"Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission \u201cNational Wastewater Drug Monitoring Program Report 19 \u201d 2023 https:\/\/www.acic.gov.au\/publications\/national\u2010wastewater\u2010drug\u2010monitoring\u2010program\u2010reports\/report\u201019\u2010national\u2010wastewater\u2010drug\u2010monitoring\u2010program."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2009.10400534"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","unstructured":"S.Whetton M.Shanahan K.Cartwright et\u00a0al. \u201cThe Social Costs of Methamphetamine in Australia 2013\/14 Retrieved From Perth Western Australia \u201d 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","unstructured":"Australian Institue of Health and Welfare \u201cNational Drug Strategy Household Survey 2016 \u201d 2017 https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/illicit\u2010use\u2010of\u2010drugs\/ndshs\u20102016\u2010key\u2010findings\/contents\/about."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare \u201cNational Drug Strategy Household Survey 2019 \u201d 2020 Canberra."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","unstructured":"The Centre for YouthAOD Practice Development \u201cOverdose and Police: What to Expect \u201d 2024 www.youthaodtoolbox.org.au."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.283"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","unstructured":"Everymind \u201cMindframe Guidelines for Media Reporting on Alcohol and Other Drugs \u201d 2019 https:\/\/mindframe.org.au\/alcohol\u2010other\u2010drugs\/communicating\u2010about\u2010alcohol\u2010other\u2010drugs\/mindframe\u2010guidelines."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare \u201cIntimate Partner Violence \u201d 2024 https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/family\u2010domestic\u2010and\u2010sexual\u2010violence\/types\u2010of\u2010violence\/intimate\u2010partner\u2010violence#."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12474"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107826"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913\u2010023\u201009125\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S304566"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108486"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209284"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000178"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.112702"}],"container-title":["Health Promotion Journal of Australia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hpja.70096","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T02:42:17Z","timestamp":1764211337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hpja.70096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hpja.70096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hpja.70096","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1036-1073","2201-1617"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1036-1073","type":"print"},{"value":"2201-1617","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70096"}}