{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T23:40:25Z","timestamp":1792366825186,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Prom J of Aust"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Issue Addressed<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010communicable disorders (NCDs) in women of reproductive age (WRA) shape maternal and intergenerational outcomes, yet their area\u2010level socio\u2010environmental drivers remain unclear. We examined correlations between socio\u2010environmental factors and NCDs in WRA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We linked 2021 Australian Census sociodemographic and health variables with postcode\u2010level environmental exposures, including air pollutants (PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      , NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , CO, SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , formaldehyde and ozone), land surface temperature and greenness. The NCDs (asthma, diabetes, cancer, mental health and cardio\u2010renal disease) were expressed per 1000 WRA. Spatial clustering (Moran's\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and socioeconomic gradients (Wagstaff Concentration Index) were assessed, alongside geospatial regression and clustering analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      NCDs among WRA showed strong socioeconomic patterning. Most disadvantaged postcodes recorded the highest composite NCD burden (323.0 and 227.3 per 1000 in the most disadvantaged and advantaged postcodes respectively), with the steepest inequality for diabetes (Wagstaff\u2009=\u2009\u22120.16). Environmental exposures demonstrated spatial clustering but weak associations with health outcomes. Notably, peri\u2010urban and fringe postcodes experienced higher heat exposure coinciding with socioeconomic disadvantage. Inner Melbourne (with lower heat exposure and more socioeconomic advantage) showed lower NCD burden despite elevated NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCDs among WRA in Victoria are strongly patterned by socioeconomic disadvantage with geographic clustering by environmental exposures. These inequities persist even where most air quality measures remain within regulatory limits, underscoring the disproportionate burden faced by disadvantaged areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>So What<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health promotion should prioritise disadvantaged peri\u2010urban and regional communities through proactive, place\u2010based policies that address both environmental conditions and the social systems that influence how and for whom those conditions become harmful.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hpja.70241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T10:26:11Z","timestamp":1787912771000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Geospatial Linkage Analysis of Environmental Exposures, Socioeconomic Profile and Health Outcomes Among Women of Reproductive Age in Victoria, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1729-0356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine Helenna","family":"Mulyadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9720-3562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, Melbourne Medical School University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Reproductive Epidemiology, Genomic Medicine Theme Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women, Mercy Health  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The Northern Hospital, Northern Health  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8394-6077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Alcohol Policy Research La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"de Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thinking Machines  Manila Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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