{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T23:40:21Z","timestamp":1792366821122,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Prom J of Aust"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pervasive use of social media has created a complex digital ecosystem where high connectivity coexists with significant challenges, including the rapid spread of misinformation, particularly regarding mental health, and documented negative impacts on psychological well\u2010being. Platform architectures designed for engagement maximization have been identified as central factors in both issues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper critically analyzes the interconnected relationships between social media use, misinformation dissemination, and mental health impacts, with particular attention to psychiatric misinformation across diagnostic categories (e.g., depression, anxiety, ADHD). A primary objective is to evaluate the potential of advanced critical digital literacy frameworks to serve as protective mechanisms against these dual threats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systematic search was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines across APA PsycInfo, PubMed, JSTOR, and Google Scholar for literature published between January 2018 and March 2026 (updated from the original 2023 search). The search yielded 2672 records. After removing 624 duplicates, 2048 records underwent title and abstract screening, with 1802 excluded. The remaining 246 full\u2010text articles were assessed for eligibility, resulting in 86 studies included in the final qualitative synthesis. Inter\u2010rater reliability was established (Cohen's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.82). Quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist, AXIS, and CASP tools, with findings weighted by methodological quality. A thematic analysis was undertaken to synthesize findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analysis reveals that core architectural features of social media platforms, algorithmic curation and engagement\u2010based metrics, simultaneously foster environments ripe for misinformation spread and contribute to psychological distress, including anxiety, depression, and harmful social comparison. Psychiatric misinformation specifically (e.g., inaccurate claims about treatment effectiveness, diagnostic criteria, and medication side effects) represents a growing concern, particularly on image\u2010 and video\u2010based platforms. The findings indicate that conventional media literacy approaches focused solely on fact\u2010checking are insufficient. Instead, a critical digital literacy framework encompassing algorithmic awareness, data literacy, and emotional awareness is essential for building user resilience, with evidence from high\u2010quality systematic reviews supporting this approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Navigating the complexities of modern social media requires an integrated approach combining \u201cpedagogies of play\u201d for experiential skill development with advocacy for structural change (e.g., algorithmic transparency, well being by design principles). This dual strategy empowers individual users to critically engage with digital content while advocating for ethical platform design, thereby safeguarding both mental well\u2010being and democratic discourse. Implications for educators, mental health professionals (including competencies for addressing patient encounters with psychiatric misinformation), policymakers, and platform designers are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hpja.70243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:44:26Z","timestamp":1788309866000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Navigating Social Media: Balancing Connectivity With Media Literacy to Combat Misinformation and Protect Mental Well\u2010Being"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3542-561X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasham Khaleel","family":"Al Musawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Acknowledge Education  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1024258919876543"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1350506818765318"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","volume-title":"The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power","author":"Zuboff S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aap9559"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","volume-title":"The State of Social Media and Politics in 2020","author":"Pew Research Center","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","volume-title":"How Americans View the Role of Social Media in Politics","author":"Pew Research Center","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","unstructured":"Pew Research Center \u201cTeens Social Media & Technology 2020 \u201d(2020) https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2020\/08\/10\/teens\u2010social\u2010media\u2010technology\u20102020\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","unstructured":"Royal Society for Public Health \u201c#StatusofMind: Social Media and Young People's Mental Health and Wellbeing \u201d(2017) https:\/\/www.rsph.org.uk\/our\u2010work\/campaigns\/status\u2010of\u2010mind.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2023.101738"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.70081"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/64225"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2015.1008542"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-018-0506-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2020.1776266"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/joc\/jqac022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2022.101357"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","volume-title":"Young People's Literacies in the Digital Age: Continuities, Conflicts and Contradictions","author":"Pangrazio L.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.8.2.e9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102458\u201012\u201080"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/15.3.259"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Connectivism: A Learning Theory for the Digital Age","volume":"2","author":"Siemens G.","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","volume-title":"Participatory Culture in a Networked Era: A Conversation on Youth, Learning, Commerce, and Politics","author":"Jenkins H.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2441776.2441832"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Scored Society: Due Process for Automated Predictions","volume":"89","author":"Citron D. 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