{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T16:30:40Z","timestamp":1785774640820,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Prom J of Aust"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Issue Addressed<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2021, the Australian government implemented a population wide COVID\u201019 vaccination program. People experiencing homelessness faced challenges accessing vaccines and many were not being reached. By reorienting vaccination services to include assertive outreach strategies, a Brisbane\u2010based non\u2010profit health care team successfully administered 2065 COVID\u201019 vaccinations to homeless and precariously housed people. This study examines insights from stakeholders delivering the service and perspectives of clients who received a vaccine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Semi\u2010structured interviews with five stakeholders and a survey of 63 clients involved in the Micah Projects COVID\u201019 vaccination program are reported. Client survey questions covered demographic characteristics, and motivations and hesitancies around vaccination. Stakeholder interviews were inductively analysed and quantitative survey data were exported into SPSS (IBM V27) and analysed using descriptive statistics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Micah Projects team initiated 220 pop\u2010up vaccination clinics and worked closely with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Downsizing and mobilising the service engaged greater numbers of people sleeping rough and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Clients' decisions to vaccinate were often spontaneous, driven by immediate availability and motivated by a desire to stay healthy and protect the community.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tailoring vaccination programs to include assertive outreach strategies effectively reduces barriers for people experiencing homelessness. Community embeddedness, trust, flexibility and cultural safety are critical elements for success.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>So What?<\/jats:title><jats:p>People experiencing homelessness are motivated to vaccinate. Reorientating health services to remove structural barriers and build the supportive environments needed to work through vaccine hesitancies are critical elements to ensure equitable access and promote health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hpja.885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:44:52Z","timestamp":1718671492000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Implementing a <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 vaccination outreach service for people experiencing homelessness"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1108-4567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia","family":"Hollingdrake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Queensland University of Technology  Kelvin Grove Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Healthcare Transformation Queensland University of Technology  Kelvin Grove Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3051-9981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Grech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Queensland University of Technology  Kelvin Grove Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7980-9819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leanne","family":"Papas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Queensland University of Technology  Kelvin Grove Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Micah Projects, West End  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8721-089X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Currie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Queensland University of Technology  Kelvin Grove Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Healthcare Transformation Queensland University of Technology  Kelvin Grove Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Micah Projects, West End  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"Australian Government.COVID\u201019 vaccination\u2010Australia's COVID\u201019 vaccine national roll\u2010out strategy Canberra.2022.https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/resources\/publications\/covid\u201019\u2010vaccination\u2010australias\u2010covid\u201019\u2010vaccine\u2010national\u2010roll\u2010out\u2010strategy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Australia's COVID\u201019 vaccine rollout","author":"Australian National Audit Office","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","volume-title":"Second snapshot audit of COVID\u201019 vaccination status among street\u2010present people experiencing homelessness in Perth\u2014as at 1 March 2022","author":"Davies A","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31128\/AJGP-05-22-6427"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics.Census of population and housing: estimating homelessness Canberra.2023https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/people\/housing\/estimating-homelessness-census\/latest-release"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21501327211041211"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192315686"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","volume-title":"Institute for Health Research, the University of Notre Dame","author":"Larkin M","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","unstructured":"Government of Canada.Ottawa charter for health promotion: an international conference on health promotion Ottawa.2014.https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public\u2010health\/services\/health\u2010promotion\/population\u2010health\/ottawa\u2010charter\u2010health\u2010promotion\u2010international\u2010conference\u2010on\u2010health\u2010promotion.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Community\u2010led vaccination programs: getting the fundamentals right","volume":"51","author":"Dut GM","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aust J General Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2022.307147"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032173"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ihj-2020-000065"}],"container-title":["Health Promotion Journal of Australia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hpja.885","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T04:17:42Z","timestamp":1739765862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hpja.885"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hpja.885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hpja.885","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1036-1073","2201-1617"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1036-1073","type":"print"},{"value":"2201-1617","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e885"}}