{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T16:38:48Z","timestamp":1780418328367,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Prom J of Aust"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Issue Addressed<\/jats:title><jats:p>Achieving aquatic competence is recommended for preventing childhood drownings, yet many children in Victoria, Australia do not meet aquatic benchmarks despite participating in swimming and water safety programs. While few studies have explored factors influencing aquatic competency development, negative prior aquatic experiences (NPAE) have surfaced as a potential influence. Research on children's NPAE has primarily focused on parental perceptions rather than the child's actual experiences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parents and children (aged 10\u201312\u2009years) completed reliable surveys for background information and NPAE\u2010related data. Children also completed aquatic competency assessments against benchmark standards. Chi\u2010square tests determined relationships between NPAE and aquatic competency, and thematic analysis categorised themes related to perceptions of the child's NPAE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most parents (82.9%) indicated their child had not had NPAE, while only half (51.0%) of children did not report NPAE. Children reporting NPAE often perceived incidents as nearly drowning (41%), encompassing swimming pool environments and underwater submersion. Similarly, parents reported varied situations, noting NPAE involving open water and the child's loss of control. Parent\u2010reported NPAE was associated with children less likely to achieve knowledge, continuous swimming, and survival competency benchmarks (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Children reporting NPAE were less likely to achieve underwater competencies (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The disparity between parent and child perspectives of NPAE demonstrates the importance of considering both perspectives. This should assist in providing appropriate support for children to develop aquatic competencies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>So What?<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using NPAE data, practitioners can customise swim teaching approaches to address and prevent NPAE, particularly as many children associate their NPAE with pools, the common setting for aquatic education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hpja.907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:03:26Z","timestamp":1723507406000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Negative prior aquatic experiences and children's aquatic competency: Do parent perceptions differ from reality?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3416-5690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah L. M.","family":"Calverley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Saving Victoria  Port Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"The International Drowning Researchers' Alliance  Kuna Idaho USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1985-034X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren A","family":"Petrass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Education, Arts and Community Federation University Australia  Ballarat Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2624-7493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loretta","family":"Konjarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Year College Victoria University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global report on drowning: preventing a leading killer(9241564784).2014https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/143893\/9789241564786_eng.pdf;jsessionid=72F5C661B976EB446114A1CFF5FDE413?sequence=1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"National Drowning Report 2023","author":"Royal Life Saving Society \u2013 Australia","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"State Government of Victoria.Swimming in schools.2023https:\/\/www.vic.gov.au\/swimming-in-schools"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Life Saving Victoria.Victorian water safety certificate. 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