{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T01:51:51Z","timestamp":1783648311793,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Planning &amp; Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The unplanned urbanization in Jordan has over time created many informal settlements \u201cslums\u201d around big cities as Amman, Zerka and Aqaba.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The <jats:italic>purpose<\/jats:italic> of this study was to highlight the most common challenges related to social determinants of health in two selected slum areas in Amman and Aqaba and suggest policy directions and interventions to meet these challenges.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In addition to a prestructured interview with all household heads living in the two slum sites, focus group meetings with a purposefully selected sample of 12 slum dwellers in each site were used to assess the structural and intermediary determinants of health as perceived by slum residents in the two study locations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study found that slum residents in the two locations suffer from many challenges as severe poverty; unemployment; illiteracy and low education attainments; gender discrimination; insufficient and poor diet; social and official exclusion; unhealthy environment; lack of water supply, electricity and basic sanitation facilities; high prevalence of diseases; and insufficient and inappropriate health services. Specific policy directions to meet these challenges were recommended and grouped into three main clusters: social protection, social inclusion and empowerment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>New plans and tools should be developed by local authorities in Jordan to understand, protect, include and empower those vulnerable people who are forced to live in these unhealthy and inhuman environments. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.2267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T11:40:53Z","timestamp":1412336453000},"page":"113-125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Social determinants of health in selected slum areas in Jordan: challenges and policy directions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Musa T.","family":"Ajlouni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Administration Philadelphia University  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"AjlouniM.2011.Jordan Health System Profile. Report Submitted to WHO EMR August 2011. Available at:http:\/\/ajlunihm.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/Jordan\u2010HSP\u20102010\u2010Final.pdf(Accessed 7 December 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"AjlouniM.2012.Assessment of social determinants for non\u2010communicable disease in Jordan. A study report submitted to RESCAP\u2010MED January 2013. Available at:http:\/\/research.ncl.ac.uk\/media\/sites\/researchwebsites\/rescapmed\/SDH%20NCD%20Jordan.pdf(Accessed 25 May 2014)."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"314","article-title":"Spatial dimension of social exclusion: an imperial investigation into the relationship of housing and social exclusion in the slums of Dhaka City","volume":"2","author":"Begum H","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Management Research and Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010905029386"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"Department of Statistics (DOS).2011.Jordan Selected Indicators for 2011. 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