{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T06:07:21Z","timestamp":1773036441457,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne"},{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Planning &amp; Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The number of adults with diabetes is increasing worldwide and also the number of people with diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major complication of diabetes. Task sharing in eye care for people with diabetes could address the shortage in the number of ophthalmologists and increase access to eye care services. This study investigated the opinion of eye care professionals for a checklist of tasks, which are involved in DR management, to be possibly shared by optometrists and mid\u2010level eye and health care workers with ophthalmologists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study used a purposive sampling technique. All available eye and health care workers from five selected hospitals in two provinces in Pakistan were recruited. A cross\u2010sectional survey was conducted to investigate the potential roles of various cadres in eye care delivery for people with diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety\u2010six (79%) participants including doctors (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a056), optometrists (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a029), and mid\u2010level eye care workers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011) responded to the survey. Two\u2010thirds of the participants suggested mid\u2010level eye care workers, while 88.5% stated that lady health workers could provide education and health promotion to people with diabetes. Most of the participants (88.5%) suggested that optometrists could share the task of dilated ophthalmoscopy with ophthalmologists for detection of DR and make referrals to ophthalmologists if needed. Ophthalmologists remained the recommended cadre to undertake the eye examinations of patients with proliferative DR and diabetic macular edema.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This research provided an insight on how task sharing in DR management can be implemented by optimizing the roles of eye care workers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.2590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T13:58:41Z","timestamp":1532699921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Task sharing: Development of evidence\u2010based co\u2010management strategy model for screening, detection, and management of diabetic retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7570-4983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mufarriq","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry Pakistan Institute of Community Ophthalmology  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Khyber Medical University  Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gail M.","family":"Ormsby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong  New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fakir Amirul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology Swinburne University of Technology  Hawthorn Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colin Alex","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology University of Melbourne, and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill Elizabeth","family":"Keeffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LV Prasad Eye Institute  Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2009.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70113-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13882350490886627"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02651-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61228-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"MurthyG.The Emerging Epidemic of Diabetic Retinopathy in India: report of a situational analysis and evaluation of existing programmes for screening and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00600-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.1.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja11.10856"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318165e4a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2017.1381273"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Roles of the eye care workforce for task sharing in management of diabetic retinopathy in Cambodia","volume":"11","author":"Shah M","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Task sharing in the eye care workforce: screening, detection, and management of diabetic retinopathy in Pakistan. 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