{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:14:40Z","timestamp":1787170480995,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006456","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011099","name":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Internationale Zusammenarbeit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011099","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Planning &amp; Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To address domestic shortages, high\u2010income countries are increasingly recruiting health workers from low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries. This practice is much debated. Proponents underline benefits of return migration and remittances. Critics point in particular to the risk of\n                      <jats:italic>brain drain<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Empirical evidence supporting either position is yet rare. This study contributes to filling this gap in knowledge by reporting high\u2010level stakeholders' perspectives on health system impacts of international migration in general, and active recruitment of health workers in specific, in Colombia, Indonesia, and Jordan.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used a multiple case study methodology, based on qualitative methods integrated with information available in the published literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All respondents decried a lack of robust and detailed data as a serious challenge in ascertaining their perspectives on impacts of health worker migration. Stakeholders described current emigration levels as not substantially aggravating existing health workforce availability challenges. This is due to the fact that all three countries are faced with health worker unemployment grounded in unwillingness to work in rural areas and\/or overproduction of certain cadres. Respondents, however, pleaded against targeting very experienced and specialised individuals. While observing little harm of health worker migration at present, stakeholders also noted few benefits such as\n                      <jats:italic>brain gain<\/jats:italic>\n                      , describing how various barriers to skill enhancement, return, and reintegration into the health system hamper in practice what may be possible in theory.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Improved availability of data on health worker migration, including their potential return and reintegration into their country of origin's health system, is urgently necessary to understand and continuously monitor costs and benefits in dynamic national and international health labour markets. Our results imply that potential benefits of migration do not come into being automatically, but need in\u2010country supportive policy and programming, such as favourable reintegration policies or programs targeting engagement of the diaspora.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.3776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T22:54:53Z","timestamp":1707346493000},"page":"653-670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The impact of international health worker migration and recruitment on health systems in source countries: Stakeholder perspectives from Colombia, Indonesia, and Jordan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Lila","family":"Sax dos Santos Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yarrow Global Consulting gGmbH Staffort Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7988-9196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferry","family":"Efendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1566-7724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuzulul Kusuma","family":"Putri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6628-5032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mery","family":"Bolivar\u2010Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5957-7782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rami","family":"Saadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4216-1542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro A.","family":"Villarreal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Institute for International and Security Affairs Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8498-200X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thit Thit","family":"Aye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Global Health University Hospital and Medical Faculty Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8677-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"De Allegri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Global Health University Hospital and Medical Faculty Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4136-9296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Lohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Global Health University Hospital and Medical Faculty Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Development London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1787\/7a7afb35-en","volume-title":"Health at a Glance 2023: OECD Indicators","author":"OECD","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Health and Care Workforce in Europe: Time to Act","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh\u20102023\u2010012338"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230307292_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Defining and Measuring Circular Migration","author":"United Nations Economic Commission for Europe","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health: Workforce 2030","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"International Labor Organization.ILO 2018 Guidelines Concerning Statistics of International Labour Migration;2018. 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