{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T12:46:01Z","timestamp":1768221961765,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Planning &amp;amp; Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to analyse and evaluate the theory of peaceful end of life to determine its relevance and applicability in nursing research, education and practice, particularly in the areas of palliative care and end\u2010of\u2010life care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a theoretical\u2010reflexive study using specific criteria for analysing and evaluating middle\u2010range theories as proposed by Ann Whall (2005).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The theory clearly outlines the dying and death process, connecting key concepts and essential statements that support a peaceful end of life. It also implicitly incorporates elements of the nursing metaparadigm. Additionally, the theory demonstrates adequate internal consistency and empirical adequacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While the theory offers valuable guidance for nursing research, education and practice in palliative and end\u2010of\u2010life care, several information gaps were identified that require refinement for its optimal application. Further studies incorporating all the theory's concepts and statements are needed to confirm its testability, empirical validity and potential need for modifications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for the profession<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The theory of peaceful end of life has been widely applied in nursing, especially in the context of palliative care, in recent years. However, no previous critiques of the theory have employed a specific evaluation framework for middle\u2010range theories. This study presents the first formal critique using an appropriate evaluation framework. The findings could help nurses apply this theory more effectively in the care of patients at the end of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No patient or public contribution was involved in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.70041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T02:17:36Z","timestamp":1764555456000},"page":"182-192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Theory of Peaceful End of Life: Analysis and Evaluation Using the Whall Framework"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6969-8318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romel Jonathan","family":"Velasco Yanez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1596-6727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Luiza","family":"Almeida De Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Clinical Care in Nursing and Health Cear\u00e1 State University  Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5867-8023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"De Oliveira Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8033-8831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviane","family":"Martins Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5110-6364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana F\u00e1tima","family":"Carvalho Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Federal University of Cear\u00e1  Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4487-1193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria C\u00e9lia","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Clinical Care in Nursing and Health Cear\u00e1 State University  Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0034\u20107167\u20102018\u20100768"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.12315"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0080\u2010623420160000200019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","article-title":"Percep\u00e7\u00f5es de estudantes de Enfermagem Sobre Cuidados Paliativos","volume":"21","author":"Guimar\u00e3es J. de A. 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