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This study aims to deepen the understanding of the relationship between institutional mistrust, conspiracy beliefs, and health\u2010related behaviours in the context of an African country during the COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional research design was employed, and a paper\u2010based survey using face\u2010to\u2010face interviews was conducted among the general adult population of Burkina Faso, collecting data on institutional mistrust, conspiracy beliefs, health\u2010related behaviours (i.e., vaccination attitudes, agreement to sanitary measures, and containment\u2010related behaviours), information\u2010seeking behaviours (including traditional and digital sources of information), and negative sentiments. We defined a conceptual model according to the existing literature. A mediation analysis was employed to examine the direct effect of institutional mistrust on health\u2010related behaviours and its indirect effect through conspiracy beliefs endorsement. Additionally, the effects of information\u2010seeking behaviours and negative sentiments on mistrust and conspiracy beliefs were explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We find that institutional mistrust had a direct negative effect on all health\u2010related behaviours and an indirect effect through conspiracy beliefs which themselves had a direct negative effect on protective behaviours. The partial mediation accounted for 12% (agreement with sanitary measures) to 34% (vaccination attitudes) of the total effect of institutional mistrust on health\u2010related behaviours. Information seeking on traditional media and negative sentiments had positive effects on conspiracy beliefs and institutional mistrust, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings underscore the need for medium\u2010to long\u2010term policies aimed at restoring and perpetuating trust in institutions and curbing conspiracy beliefs for fighting future pandemics. In short term, health promotion campaigns should be channelled through the sources of information in which individuals have the greatest confidence such as religious and traditional leaders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.70058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T05:26:18Z","timestamp":1769664378000},"page":"461-476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Conspiracy Beliefs, Institutional Mistrust, and Health\u2010Related Behaviours During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic in Burkina Faso: A Mediation Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6689-6298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabin F.","family":"Morillon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier Montpellier Recherche en Economie  Montpellier 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