{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T20:31:27Z","timestamp":1787085087679,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004417","name":"Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Planning &amp; Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HIV is a serious disease requiring long\u2010term care and incurring high economic costs, particularly in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs). In Morocco, since 1998, the Ministry of Health has provided free care for people living with HIV, with financial support from the Global Fund. The study assessed the return on investment of providing HIV care as part of universal health coverage (UHC) financed by national health insurance in order to reduce dependence on international aid. We measured the benefit\u2010cost ratio of the direct benefits and expected economic costs of HIV care under UHC between 2022 and 2025. We considered the essential HIV care package, which includes antiretroviral treatment, other medicines for some opportunistic infections, initial HIV testing, follow\u2010up immunovirological tests, and medical visits. The total cost of HIV care as part of UHC between 2022 and 2025 was estimated at 1,036,675,480 Moroccan Dirhams (MAD). The monetary value gained as a result of the 4136 deaths avoided was estimated at 3,732,997,634 MAD. The return on investment was therefore estimated at 3.6\u00a0\u2248\u00a04. This return on investment could be even higher, considering the indirect and\/or social benefits. The provision of care and treatment to people living with HIV as part of UHC appears to be an efficient strategy in Morocco. This finding may inform UHC efforts in other LMICs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.70081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:40:16Z","timestamp":1777394416000},"page":"683-691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Return on Investment of HIV Care Within Universal Health Coverage in Low\u2010 and Middle\u2010Income Countries: Evidence From Morocco"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6562-4189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chakib","family":"Boukhalfa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National School of Public Health  Rabat Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibtissam","family":"Khoudri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control Ministry of Health and Social Protection  Rabat Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nourredine","family":"Sakhri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control Ministry of Health and Social Protection  Rabat Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadija","family":"Belbachir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control Ministry of Health and Social Protection  Rabat Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meriem","family":"Ghanam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control Ministry of Health and Social Protection  Rabat Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boutaina","family":"Selma EL Omari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Support Program Management Unit, Global Fund  Rabat Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7059-0577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad","family":"Zbiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mohammed VI International School of Public Health Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS)  Casablanca Morocco"},{"name":"Laboratory of Public Health Health Economics, and Health Management Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS)  Casablanca Morocco"},{"name":"Institute for Healthcare System Analysis (IA2S)  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Youbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control Ministry of Health and Social Protection  Rabat Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(14)60164\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(11)60233\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). \u201cThe Global Health Observatory \u201d: Data. GHO. Themes. HIV accessed on 1 March 2024 https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/hiv\u2010aids."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(18)31070\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). \u201cResearch and Analysis. Diseases and Injurie. HIV\/AIDS \u201d accessed on 10 December 2023 https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/research\u2010analysis\/diseases\u2010injuries\/hiv\u2010aids."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0000000000002887"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(21)00152-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.722927"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","unstructured":"Kingdom of Morocco. Ministry of Health and Social Protection. \u201cNational Program to Fight AIDS. National Report 2022. Considered Period 2021 \u201dhttps:\/\/www.sante.gov.ma\/Publications\/Documents\/RAPPORT_NS_19.12.2022_VF_SG.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/coh.0000000000000570"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","volume-title":"Right to Health in MENA Region: Key Issues and Challenges in Morocco","author":"Zbiri S.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102015\u2010009656"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.06.010407"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136664"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1178632920988843"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/blt.18.223495"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","article-title":"Integrating HIV into Universal Health Coverage","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2021","journal-title":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154893"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025310"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2018.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","first-page":"748","volume-title":"Social Science and Humanities (PVJ\u2010ISHESSH 2020)","author":"Wahyuniar L.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","unstructured":"Kingdom of Morocco.Ministry of Health and Social Protection https:\/\/www.sante.gov.ma\/Documents\/2021\/rapport_SNFS%20VD%20avril%202021.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/blt.18.225540"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","article-title":"The Association for the Fight Against AIDS (L\u2019Association De Lutte Contre Le Sida \u2010 ALCS)","author":"Kingdom of Morocco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","unstructured":"Kingdom of Morocco. Ministry of Health and Social Protection. \u201cNational Strategy on Human Rights and HIV\/AIDS 2018\u20102021 \u201d\u00a0https:\/\/www.sante.gov.ma\/Publications\/Guides\u2010Manuels\/Documents\/2020\/Strat\u00e9gie%20Nationale%20sur%20les%20Droits%20Humains%20et%20le%20VIH_sida%202018\u20102021%20(4)%20final%20(1).pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","unstructured":"Kingdom of Morocco. Ministry of Health and Social Protection. \u201cNational Guide to the Management of HIV Infection in Children \u201d https:\/\/www.sante.gov.ma\/Publications\/Guides\u2010Manuels\/Documents\/2021\/Guide%20National%20%20de%20prise%20en%20charge%20VF%20M.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","unstructured":"Kingdom of Morocco. \u201cNational Health Insurance Agency (Agence Nationale De L'Assurance Maladie) \u201d National reference pricing accessed on 1 March 2024 \u00a0https:\/\/anam.ma\/anam\/regulation\/tarification\u2010nationale\u2010de\u2010reference\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","unstructured":"Kingdom of Morocco. Ministry of Health and Social Protection.Department of Planning and Financial Resources https:\/\/www.sante.gov.ma\/Pages\/ADM_Centrale\/DPRF.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","unstructured":"Kingdom of Morocco.National Social Security Fund (Caisse Nationale De S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sociale) https:\/\/www.cnss.ma."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","unstructured":"Kingdom of Morocco.National Fund for Social Welfare Organisations(Caisse nationale des organismes de pr\u00e9voyance sociale) https:\/\/www.cnops.org.ma."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","unstructured":"Kingdom of Morocco. Ministry of Health and Social Protection.Medicines and Pharmacy Department https:\/\/www.sante.gov.ma\/Pages\/ADM_Centrale\/DMP.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12962\u2010023\u201000507\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","unstructured":"Statista.com. \u201cGDP Per Capita. 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