{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:40:50Z","timestamp":1789778450256,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014836","name":"Agenzia Italiana per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11375"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014836","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Planning &amp;amp; Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The socio\u2010economic burden of increasingly prevalent non\u2010communicable diseases (NCDs) in low\u2010income countries is substantial and widely recognised. This study aimed to fill the remaining evidence gap for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN) patients in selected health facilities across two provinces in Mozambique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional cost\u2010of\u2010illness study was conducted measuring the societal costs incurred by patients enroled in an integrated disease management programme. Direct healthcare and non\u2010healthcare costs, and indirect costs, were reported in current US$ ($) values per month per patient. The dimensions across which the costs were analysed from an equity lens were disease groups, location, sex, and income groups using the World Bank's poverty line thresholds for Mozambique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Programme costs amounted to $1.2\u00a0M ($3.2 per patient visited), while the recurrent costs averaged $49.8 per month per patient, with direct non\u2010healthcare costs as the main driver at 74% of the total recurrent costs. Higher costs across all cost categories were consistently reported by T2DM patients, males, and patients from the upper\u2010income group. Higher direct but lower indirect costs were reported by patients from rural rather than urban locations. The costs of the lowest\u2010income group accounted for the majority of their reported monthly income, while 3% of the sample reported that their income is insufficient to cover the costs of managing their disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The socio\u2010economic burden was disproportionately higher in the lowest income group. The study highlighted the need for policies and interventions such as targeting the financing of managing chronic diseases, including potential increases in funding, the introduction of patient cost\u2010sharing mechanisms, and effective intersectoral coordination to mitigate economic strain in low\u2010income settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.70091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T06:00:45Z","timestamp":1779256845000},"page":"809-821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the Socio\u2010Economic Toll of Non\u2010Communicable Diseases in Low\u2010Resource Settings: Novel Evidence From Mozambique"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Verykiou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SDA Bocconi School of Management  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Belardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctors with Africa CUAMM  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mozambican Diabetes Association (AMODIA)  Maputo Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Massaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctors with Africa CUAMM  Maputo Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Chenene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctors with Africa CUAMM  Maputo Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celina","family":"Mate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health of Mozambique (MISAU)  Maputo Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celeste","family":"Amado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health of Mozambique (MISAU)  Maputo Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armindo Daniel","family":"Tiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health of Mozambique (MISAU)  Maputo Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Putoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctors with Africa CUAMM  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Torbica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SDA Bocconi School of Management  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Diabetes. 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