{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T11:08:44Z","timestamp":1788865724365,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014467","name":"Western Sydney Local Health District","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014467","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001773","name":"University of New South Wales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001773","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021276","name":"Western Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016058","name":"Townsville Hospital and Health Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001779","name":"Monash University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001779","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Planning &amp;amp; Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reflection and learning about the use of virtual care in healthcare delivery has become a central goal for health systems internationally. Insights drawn in the aftermath of the COVID\u201019 pandemic have led to vast changes to embed virtual care in health care delivery. This study explored the methodologies used to manage change that encompasses virtual care and factors contributing to success.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review and narrative synthesis was undertaken. Eligible articles were those reporting structured change management processes in the context of virtual care published between 1st January 2019\u201331st December 2023, identified by searching four electronic databases (Scopus, MedLine, PsycInfo and Business Source Premier). Data were extracted and synthesised from the eligible studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria describing changes occurring within hospital settings or in community health centres. Kotter's 8\u2010Step Model was the most frequently applied change framework, often combined with other approaches. Commonly enablers included high quality communication among all parties involved and strong leadership. Common barriers included overemphasis on technology at the expense of people and processes, linear application of models, and lack of mechanisms to monitor change progress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Structured change methodologies were often integrated in a strategic change framework with process improvement methods utilised to support the change process. Managing change relating to the technology with attention to the clinical and people aspects of change was considered a key gap and challenge in the context of virtual care change. Change leadership and the integration of technical and clinical teams were identified as key enablers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.70092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T08:20:20Z","timestamp":1779351620000},"page":"1032-1053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Applying Change Models and Methods During a Period of Vast Digital Transformation: A Systematic Review of Practice in Healthcare"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"McDonnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trainee Educational Psychologist University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2762-510X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashfaq","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research Australian Institute of Health Innovation Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corey","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research Australian Institute of Health Innovation Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Infrastructure NSW  St Leonards New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Moscova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Infrastructure NSW  St Leonards New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health UNSW Sydney Kensington NSW  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4359-6794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramya","family":"Walsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research Australian Institute of Health Innovation Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Sina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research Australian Institute of Health Innovation Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Munro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western NSW Local Health District NSW Australia Majarlin Kimberley Centre for Remote Health  Notre Dame Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Manias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Monash University  Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science Australian Institute of Health Innovation Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Gust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Health  Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabe","family":"Sabesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Townsville Cancer Centre Townsville University Hospital  Townsville Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reema","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research Australian Institute of Health Innovation Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care \u201cTelehealth \u201d (2022) https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/topics\/health\u2010technologies\u2010and\u2010digital\u2010health\/about\/telehealth."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"New South Wales Health About Virtual Care(NSW Health 2023) https:\/\/www.nsw.gov.au\/health\/virtual\u2010care\u2010hub\/about."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Care Is Care: Optimising Virtual and Digital Healthcare\u2014INDUSTRY Collaborative White Paper","author":"Edwards C.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/ah20183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"Evaluating How Service Delivery and Program Outcomes in an Outpatient Setting Changed After the Use of Telehealth Services During COVID\u201019","author":"Murphy K.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"D.ScherlingandL. D.Camarero \u201cDigital Transformation and Virtual Team Transition Due to the COVID\u201019 Pandemic: An Empirical Study on Virtual Teams Within Organizational Change Management \u201d (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13527590410556836"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633x211017805"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/37631"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/31752"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1331677x.2020.1862689"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmrv.2022.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgdyn.2020.100802"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su132312941"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-05014-6_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/ah16294"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/ah17153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"S.Chansanguan C.Jeenanunta andN.Rittippant \u201cThe Success Factors for Digital Transformation to Become a Smart Hospital: Case Study in Thailand \u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19073973"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/ah18176"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1cais.05134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/jhl.s289176"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/42134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845\u2010020\u201002299\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"J.Popay H.Roberts A.Sowden et\u00a0al. \u201cGuidance on the Conduct of Narrative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews \u201d (2006)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","unstructured":"Center for Evidence Based Management \u201cCritical Appraisal for a Case Study \u201d (July 2014) https:\/\/cebma.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd16.180589"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.numa.0000919064.29246.6b"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/nm.2020.e1945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/18333583231200417"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjhci\u20102021\u2010100429"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.345"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzab108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2018.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20543581231206127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911\u2010022\u201001801\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SEH.2019.00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2022.2048115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ncq.0000000000000353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.08.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-86047-9_25"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","article-title":"How a Dashboard and an 8\u2010Step Process Helped a Hospital Slash Drug Costs","author":"Pizzini M. G. G.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Healthcare Financial Management Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","volume-title":"Complexity Science in Healthcare\u2014Aspirations, Approaches, Applications and Accomplishments: A White Paper","author":"Braithwaite J.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/jhl.s274958"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33423\/ajm.v21i1.4107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/ah19255"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0960085x.2020.1718007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41347\u2010021\u201000227\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","unstructured":"Prosci Prosci 3\u2010Phase Process(Prosci 2024) https:\/\/www.prosci.com\/methodology\/3\u2010phase\u2010process."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","volume-title":"Applications of the Prosci Change Triangle Model","author":"Prosci","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/18479790211016273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/714042520"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","volume-title":"Effective Change Manager's Handbook\u2014Essential Guidance to the Change Management Body of Knowledge","author":"Smith R.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","volume-title":"Prosci Change Management Scorecard","author":"Campbelll M.","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Health Planning and Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hpm.70092","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hpm.70092","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hpm.70092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T10:25:37Z","timestamp":1788863137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hpm.70092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hpm.70092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hpm.70092","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.22541\/au.172114407.77122546\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0749-6753","1099-1751"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-6753","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1751","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}