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We conducted 20 in\u2010depth qualitative interviews and analysed these using Applied Thematic Analysis. Pandemic public health responses limited the ability of providers to support people released from custody. Policies designed to mitigate viral spread were not tailored to the mental health and substance use context, leading to disruptions in service delivery. This had domino effects for service users and providers. Criminal\u2010legal\u2010involved populations had to isolate and at the same time providers could not reach out to them, leading to increased risks for substance use, overdose, and suicide. Providers in turn felt pressure to help people released from custody, when policy made it exceedingly difficult for them to do so. Still, providers did find silver linings through opportunities to work together and provide better person\u2010centred care. For future pandemic preparedness, decision\u2010makers must consider the unintentional fallout that blanket policies can have on underserved communities and mitigate against unintended consequences. Future research should engage underserved communities to understand their needs during emergencies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.70098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T06:07:01Z","timestamp":1782281221000},"page":"879-891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Providing Mental Health and Substance Use Services to People Released From Custody During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study of Service Providers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Lucas M.","family":"Seuren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions St. Michael's Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"McLuhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions St. Michael's Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madison","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions St. Michael's Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikoleta","family":"Curcin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions St. Michael's Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5623-7053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Mashford\u2010Pringle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"O'Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flora I.","family":"Matheson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Canada\u2019s Initial Response to the COVID\u201019 Pandemic: A Review","author":"CPHA","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"T.Hale A.Petherick T.Phillips et\u00a0al. 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