{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T01:05:43Z","timestamp":1791075943399,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Planning &amp;amp; Management"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The collection of infectious waste from healthcare facilities (HCF) constitutes a recurring operational challenge. Indeed, despite the inherent health risks posed by the storage and the transportation of infectious materials, most of the existing waste collection systems tends to prioritise cost optimization and to underaddress the safety dimension. Besides, the collection frequency must be tailored to the waste generation rate of each healthcare facility to avoid delays and inefficiencies. Therefore, it is clear that finding the best collection schedule that guarantees safety within HCF, transportation security, and economic profits is both critical and difficult to achieve. In order to more accurately model the described problem, this study introduces the Sustainable and Load\u2010dependent Periodic Vehicle Routing Problem (S\u2010PVRP). The proposed model aims to optimises three objectives: the travelled distance, the transportation risk and the storage risk. Besides, it is designed in a such a way to trigger the collection when a threshold value is reached. To solve the S\u2010PVRP, we design two solution approaches with very well selected ingredients in order to strike a balance between the exploration and exploitation aspects by reasoning upon multiple objectives. An experimental study is carried out to prove the efficiency of the algorithm on multi\u2010objective optimization. The algorithm is tested on several benchmark instances and evaluated via several performance metrics. Indeed, we have compared the performance of our algorithm against state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art algorithms. The experimental results showed that the proposed approach MX\u2010GAOPT is very competitive and outperforms the competing algorithms in most cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.70112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:27:06Z","timestamp":1785522426000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Multi\u2010Objective Periodic Vehicle Routing Model for Sustainable Healthcare Waste Collection"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Hajer","family":"Ben\u2010Romdhane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Tunis Institut Sup\u00e9rieur de Gestion de Tunis LARODEC Laboratory  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10163\u2010024\u201002124\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/environments9110146"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","volume-title":"Approche Poly\u00e8drale Du Probl\u00e8me De Tourn\u00e9es De V\u00e9hicules","author":"Philippe Augerat","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/net.3230040106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.110615"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2009.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02836-6","volume-title":"Computational Intelligence in Flow Shop and Job Shop Scheduling","author":"Uday K Chakraborty","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","volume-title":"Safe Management of Wastes From Health\u2010Care Activities","author":"Chartier Y.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3008733"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01589353"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10426914.2016.1269923"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.6.6.791"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0966\u20108349(95)00013\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10107\u2010016\u20101036\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","unstructured":"Minist\u00e8re Sant\u00e9 Tunisienne Direction des \u00e9tudes et de la planification. \u201cCarte Sanitaire 2020\u20102021 \u201d2021 .http:\/\/www.santetunisie.rns.tn\/images\/statdep\/CARTE\u2010SANITAIRE\u2010Synthse\u2010.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.42.4.626"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.1050.0140"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.125010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30638\/eemj.2014.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10100\u2010023\u201000892\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2013.07.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.02.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.2010.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2006.02.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2012.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2020 International Multi\u2010Conference On: \u201cOrganization of Knowledge and Advanced Technologies\u201d (OCTA)","author":"Ouertani N.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10878\u2010022\u201000870\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611973594.ch3","volume-title":"Vehicle Routing: Problems, Methods, and Applications","author":"Poggi M.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/ijstm.2020.106693"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.2010.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22219\/jtiumm.vol22.no1.125\u2010137"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2020.104966"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.121035"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susoc.2023.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su141811498"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u02d9I.Kara B. 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