{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T23:20:00Z","timestamp":1767136800218,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) can involve almost any organ of the body. In the central nervous system (CNS), it can cause Pott's disease, meningitis, tuberculoma, abscess, or other manifestations. Tuberculosis is rampant in the developing world and has become a significant public health menace with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dissemination. This study aimed to determine the frequency of neurological manifestations of tuberculosis among adult Sudanese patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A hospital\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study carried out in the period from September to December 2020 at multineurological centers and hospitals in Khartoum State, including Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital, Alshaab Teaching Hospital, Bashier, Abu Anga, Omdurman Teaching Hospitals, included adult patients diagnosed with tuberculosis\u2010associated neurological manifestations. The data were collected by predesigned questionnaire, and then analyzed by computer using SPSS\u2010version 25.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 43 patients were evaluated, male patients\u00a0were 24 (55.8%)\u00a0and female patients\u00a0were 19 (44.2%). About 31 (72.1%) of the participants had extra\u2010pulmonary TB\u00a0and 12 (27.9%) had pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. The neurological manifestations of tuberculosis include Pott's disease in 29 (67.4%) patients (with thoracic spine most affected part), tuberculoma was second\u2010most, occurring in 8\u00a0(18.7%) patients (with a single lesion in most of the patients), whereas tuberculous meningitis was found in 6 (13.9%). Clinical presentation was headache in 14 (32.6%) patients, convulsions in 10 (23.3%), loss of consciousness in 9 (20.9%), hemiparesis in 7 (16.3%) patients, and paraparesis in 23 (53.5%). Cranial nerve affected in 5 (11.6%) patients. All patients received antituberculosis medication and steroids, and 10 (23.2%) received anticonvulsants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neurological tuberculosis should be ruled out in any young male from an endemic area who exhibits abnormalities in motor, sensory, special sense, or higher mental function. To avoid potentially fatal complications, diagnoses\u00a0and treatments should be initiated as soon as possible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T01:00:06Z","timestamp":1674176406000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Retracted:<\/i>\n                    The pattern of neurological manifestations of tuberculosis among adult patients attending multineurological centres and hospitals in Sudan: A hospital\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8851-4342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etedal Ahmed A.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine AlNeelain University  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nosiba Ibrahim Mohammed","family":"Ahmed Hamza Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Center for Neurological Science  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4608-5321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khabab","family":"Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaffar Alemam","family":"A. Manhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2370-9368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Mahmmoud Fadelallah Eljack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Bakht Alruda  Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0335-6681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Junaid","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lahore General Hospital  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00772-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507062"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2150131916642431"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Tuberculosis Fact Sheet WHO. 14 October2021.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/tuberculosis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2009.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.75.881.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta11030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70168-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).Global Tuberculosis Report 2021. 14 October2021.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240037021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17712\/nsj.2016.2.2015678"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/aim.2013.32025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcs045"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"The pattern of neurological manifestations of tuberculosis among adult Sudanese patients","volume":"3","author":"Hussein A","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sudan J\u00a0Med\u00a0Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0703.1000120"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajhr.20140203.13"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"7529","article-title":"Management of spinal tuberculosis among Sudanese patients","volume":"6","author":"Saad 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