{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:22:51Z","timestamp":1792102971426,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mucormycosis is a serious fungal infection associated with uncontrolled diabetes and immunocompromised patients. This angioinvasive infection emerged as a post\u2010covid complication worldwide especially in developing countries. Due to the common socio\u2010demographic status of South Asian countries, we expected a surge in mucormycosis cases in Pakistan. This study aims to observe the frequency and survival of Covid associated mucormycosis patients at tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan during the third wave of Covid\u201019 in 2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective study, we collected the data of clinically and histopathologically confirmed cases of rhino\u2010occipito\u2010cerebral mucormycosis from three tertiary care hospitals of Lahore. These cases were analysed for history of Covid\u201019 and other associated comorbidities using SPSS28. History of steroid medication was also taken. Data were retrieved from May to July 2021 after the approval from the ethical review board.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of the total 43 reported patients of mucormycosis in the set time frame only 22 cases had a history of Covid\u201019. The mean age was 50\u2009\u00b1\u200913.27 years with slight male predilection (60%). Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity (88.4%) and all the patients with covid associated mucormycosis (CAM) had taken corticosteroid regimen for covid management (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The survival of the patient was not significantly different between CAM and non\u2010CAM patients of Mucormycosis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.747).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Covid\u201019 and mucormycosis make a lethal duo against the weakened health system of Pakistan. This problem can be prevented by avoiding nonjudicial use of corticosteroids and proper diabetes control program following Covid\u201019 infection. Furthermore, large\u2010scale epidemiological studies should be carried out to evaluate the true burden of Mucormycosis in the population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T09:36:01Z","timestamp":1675416961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Frequency and survival of Covid associated mucormycosis patients at tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan: A retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0576-7297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayesha","family":"Irfan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afshan Hussain","family":"Kamran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Lahore General Hospital Postgraduate Medical Institute Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine Ministry of National Guard\u2010Health Affairs Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","article-title":"Rhinocerebral zygomycosis in Pakistan: clinical spectrum, management, and outcome [Internet]","volume":"61","author":"Iqbal M","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-2919-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"232","volume-title":"Oral and maxillofacial pathology","author":"Neville BW","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030523"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-2354"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-245343"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006408"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13334"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20221255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"JayakeerthyDP KumarP MereddyR GovardhanA BijjaragiS.Clinicopathological study of mucormycosis in post covid patients an epidemic in pandemic.ejurnal\u2010analiskesehatan.web.id [Internet].2022;8(1):52\u201060. [cited 2022 Jun 1]; Available fromhttps:\/\/www.ejurnal-analiskesehatan.web.id\/index.php\/JAK\/article\/view\/438"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","volume-title":"Journal of Fungi","author":"Janjua OS","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S216672"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0608"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2021.110613"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/cp.2020.1271"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcab165"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","article-title":"Hyperferritinemia and the extent of mucormycosis in COVID\u201019 patients","volume":"13","author":"Bhadania S","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChatterjeeK WuCP BhardwajA SiubaM.Steroids in COVID\u201019: an overview.Cleve Clin J Med.2020;8:1\u20104.","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.87a.ccc059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-021-03007-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2021.0811"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","unstructured":"WHO.Country case studies Virus origin\/Origins of the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 virus Health Topics Countries Newsroom Emergencies Data About WHO [Internet].2021. 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