{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:33:57Z","timestamp":1793424837769,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003286","name":"Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transcranial Doppler imaging (TCDI) of the cerebral arteries is the method of choice to predict patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) at risk for stroke. This study reports TCDI follow\u2010up of cerebral blood flow in a cohort of Kuwaiti children with SCD after a 10\u2010year interval.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one pediatric patients with SCD, aged 16.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6 years were initially studied when they were aged 6.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2 years. TCDI scanning was carried out using a phased\u2010array transducer of 1\u20133\u2009MHz through the trans\u2010temporal window. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end\u2010diastolic velocity (EDV), time\u2010averaged mean of the maximum velocity (TAMMV), resistive index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) were obtained in the anterior and posterior Circle of Willis vessels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The follow\u2010up indices were mostly lower than in the initial study although they remained within the normal range in all the arteries. TAMMV was less than 170\u2009cm\/s, and PSV did not exceed 200\u2009cm\/s in all vessels. The initial and follow\u2010up TAMMV (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD) were: 77.3\u2009\u00b1\u200920.9 and 71.6\u2009\u00b1\u20099.9 in the terminal internal carotid artery, 94.3\u2009\u00b1\u200925.8 and 82\u2009\u00b1\u200918.2 in the middle cerebral artery, 76.6\u2009\u00b1\u200925.6 and 70.6\u2009\u00b1\u200910.7 in the anterior cerebral artery, and 59.1\u2009\u00b1\u200915.8 and 63.9\u2009\u00b1\u20098.5 in the posterior cerebral artery, respectively. The mean differences between the old and follow\u2010up data for RI, and PI were statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kuwaiti patients with SCD appear to be largely protected from cerebral artery vasculopathy in childhood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T09:39:03Z","timestamp":1679909943000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Repeat transcranial Doppler ultrasound imaging in Kuwaiti children with sickle cell disease after a 10\u2010year interval: A prospective, cohort\u00a0study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Akram M.","family":"Asbeutah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiologic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Kuwait University Safat Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akmal M.","family":"Zahra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Mubarak Al\u2010Kabeer Hospital, Ministry of Health Safat Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan","family":"Al\u2010Abboh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Mubarak Al\u2010Kabeer Hospital, Ministry of Health Safat Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah A.","family":"AlMajran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine &amp; Behavioral Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University Safat Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3388-6659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adekunle","family":"Adekile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University Safat Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21475"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000350283"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2006.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e3181ec0b00"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-199802000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"288","article-title":"Cerebrovascular accidents in sickle cell disease: rates and risk factors","volume":"91","author":"Ohene\u2010Frempong K","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.005144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24198"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25289"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.231407"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27503"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000203753"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0256-4947.81540"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24758"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"1127","article-title":"[Influence of functional muscular test on blood flow velocity on medial cerebral artery during treatment of patients by G. 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