{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:01:26Z","timestamp":1792033286898,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects about 1% of the world's population. The World Health Organization has included oral lichen planus\u00a0among potentially malignant disorders. Identification of reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of malignant transformation may play a unique role in the development of standard screening and improvement of follow\u2010up in patients with oral precancerous lesions. It is currently assumed that the molecular pathways controlling growth, maturation, proliferation, and apoptosis in epithelial cells may play an important role in the process of transformation into malignancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The search was done in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase, and Cochrane databases from 1960 to 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the inclusion criteria, 23 articles were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this review of articles, 34 different biomarkers that have been investigated in studies for the possibility of malignant transformation in OLP have been studied. Among all the risk factors related to malignant transformation, most studies have been done on the role of cytokines and tumor suppressors, in fact, the chronicity of the lesion which is the result of the reaction between the repair and the inflammatory response and the responses accompanied by the secretion of cytokines, may play a major role in the malignant transformation of OLP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T10:54:53Z","timestamp":1684320893000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Investigating the factors proposed in oral lichen planus malignant transformation: A literature review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Farzaneh","family":"Agha\u2010Hosseini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"The Academy of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdieh\u2010Sadat","family":"Moosavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2021-3607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdieh","family":"Ghaffarpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2014.914570"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"445","article-title":"Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus","volume":"91","author":"Novembre D","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Ital Chir"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2008.00662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2017.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2020.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2003.00125.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2008.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.49.89"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"575","article-title":"Role of miR\u2011155 in immune regulation and its relevance in oral lichen planus","volume":"17","author":"Tao Y","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/edj.2018.77393"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0699"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(85)90210-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-019-05223-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2004.00222.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"4157","article-title":"Oral lichen planus and malignant transformation: the role of p16, Ki\u201067, Bub\u20103 and SOX4 in assessing precancerous potential","volume":"15","author":"Rosa E","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-775720150058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1914"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/edj.2020.23967.1005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-018-1805-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.185912"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Estimation of malignant transformation rate in cases of oral epithelial dysplasia and lichen planus using immunohistochemical expression of Ki\u201067, p53, BCL\u20102, and BAX markers","volume":"12","author":"Shailaja G","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent Res J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2013.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2012.734407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.17778"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"773","article-title":"The frequency and malignant transformation rate of oral lichen planus and leukoplakia\u2014a retrospective study","volume":"36","author":"Lon\u010dar Brzak B","year":"2012","journal-title":"Coll Antropol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Expression of PCNA, p53 and Bcl\u20102 in oral lichen planus: an immunohistochemical study regard\u2010ing the potential of malignant transformation","volume":"16","author":"Almeida Freitas R","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transformation"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2006.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2005.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2001.300302.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1996.tb00078.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0964-1955(97)00005-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2009.01516.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2005.00341.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2010.01712.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-775720150075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12041-016-0626-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"The interleukin\u201010 (\u20101082A\/G) polymorphism is strongly associated with increased risk for oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Vairaktaris E","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2014.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2007.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/adjalexu.2018.57589"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573395516999201111162844"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus and lichen planus: the real association","volume":"10","author":"Mahboobi N","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2014.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0964-1955(96)00073-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1259"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Immunohistochemistry analysis of P53 and Ki\u201067 proteins in oral lichen planus and normal oral mucosa","volume":"38","author":"Agha\u2010Hosseini F","year":"2009","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Expression of PCNA, p53 and Bcl\u20102 in oral lichen planus: an immunohistochemical study regard\u2010ing the potential of malignant transformation","volume":"16","author":"Almeida Freitas R","year":"2010","journal-title":"transformation"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","first-page":"439","article-title":"Unstimulated salivary p53 in patients with oral lichen planus and squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"53","author":"Agha\u2010Hosseini F","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Med Iranica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2013.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.07.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026619666191121144407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12287"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2252-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-5950.85852"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.1370"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.8.13.8985"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erm.10.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","article-title":"In vitro cell migration and invasion assays","volume":"88","author":"Justus CR","year":"2014","journal-title":"JoVE"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","first-page":"4068","article-title":"Inflammation: a key process in skin tumorigenesis","volume":"17","author":"Neagu M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00836.x"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.1267","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T13:47:05Z","timestamp":1692539225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.1267"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.1267"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.1267","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e1267"}}