{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:32:55Z","timestamp":1762432375715,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals are at a higher risk of developing diabetes complications, with approximately 80% complication\u2010related mortality. The increased morbidity and mortality among T2DM patients are partly due to dysregulated hemostasis. This study determined the quality of glycemic control in T2DM\u00a0and its association with markers of coagulation and inhibitors of fibrinolysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case\u2013control study recruited 90 participants involving: 30 T2DM patients with good glycemic control, 30 with poor glycemic control, and 30 nondiabetic subjects as controls at a Municipal Hospital in Ghana. Fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), calculated international normalized ratio (INR), and full blood count (FBC) were determined for each respondent. Plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor\u20101 (PAI\u20101) and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) were determined using the solid\u2010phase sandwich enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay\u00a0method. Data were\u00a0analyzed using R language software.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma PAI\u20101 antigen levels were significantly higher in the participants with poor glycemic control as compared to participants with good glycemic control (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). There was no significant difference in plasma TAFI levels between the participants with poor glycemic control as compared to participants with good glycemic control (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.900). T2DM patients had significantly shorter APTT, PT, and INR than controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). At a cut\u2010off of \u2265161.70\u2009pg\/\u03bcL, PAI was independently associated with increasing odds (adjusted odds ratio\u2009=\u200913.71, 95% confidence interval:\u00a03.67\u201351.26, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) of poor glycemic control and showed the best diagnostic accuracy for poor glycemic control (area under the curve\u2009=\u20090.85, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PAI\u20101 levels were significantly increased in T2DM with poor glycemic control and emerged as the best predictor for poor glycemic control. Good glycemic management to control the plasma levels of PAI\u20101 is required to prevent hypercoagulability and thrombotic disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T04:18:42Z","timestamp":1686197922000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Quality of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its association with markers of coagulation and inhibitors of fibrinolysis: A case\u2013control study in the Upper West Region, Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Peter K.","family":"Selleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9023-6612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enoch O.","family":"Anto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan University Joondalup Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Precision Health, ECU Strategic Research Centre Edith Cowan University Joondalup Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2660-1707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wina I. O.","family":"Boadu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedict","family":"Sackey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilian A.","family":"Boateng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6986-9976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"Nkansah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Nsafoah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul R.","family":"Saasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selina","family":"Mintaah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaw A.","family":"Wiafe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Derigubah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel E.","family":"Korsah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9128-7208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Frimpong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ezekiel","family":"Ansah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2411-6441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentine C. 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