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The main goal of this study was to investigate the non\u2010spinal causes of LBP, since neglecting these factors leads to increases in the financial, psychological, and physical burden of LBP on individuals as well as on society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data were extracted after searching the PubMed database and Google Scholar search engine up to October 27, 2021. We included all studies that were conducted on a human population and assessed the effects of epidemiological, biological, psychological, and sociodemographic factors on the incidence or progression of LBP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most common causes of non\u2010spinal LBP were diseases such as nephrolithiasis, endometriosis, tumors, fibromyalgia, and conditions like psychological disorders and pregnancy. Nevertheless, the perceived intensity of the pain can be affected by factors such as socioeconomic level, genetics, age, habits, diet, and psychological status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The epidemiology, etiologies, and risk factors associated with LBP should be more clearly recognized to better prevent, diagnose, and treat the underlying disease and to reduce the burden of LBP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T04:35:15Z","timestamp":1693888515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Non\u2010spinal low back pain: Global epidemiology, trends, and risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Pourya","family":"Shokri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Zahmatyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Falah Tafti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6624-2342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mobin","family":"Fathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadmahdi","family":"Rezaei Tolzali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Ghaffari Jolfayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8692-9720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Aria","family":"Nejadghaderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG) Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J. 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