{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T09:30:49Z","timestamp":1784626249582,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cholera is endemic in many African countries with recurrent seasonal outbreaks in parts of the region. Malawi has been experiencing seasonal outbreaks of Cholera since 1998, and it is one of the major public health problems. The current cholera outbreak is one of Malawi's worst cholera outbreaks in the past 10 years. Since the beginning of the outbreak about 56,090 cumulative cases of cholera have been reported with 1712 deaths representing a case fatality rate of 3.1%. This is happening when the country is recovering from the COVID\u201019 epidemic, the devastating effects of tropical storms, and is also tackling the polio outbreak. Clearly, the Malawian health system is overstretched. Nevertheless, the country has taken a positive step in responding to the current cholera outbreak. Setting up treatment facilities, stepping up Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) initiatives in impacted areas, and improving the surveillance system for early case detection and treatment are some of the actions taken. As the fight against cholera continues there is a need to significantly increase monitoring in all districts, particularly at the community level for early detection and control of the cholera. Considering there are some cross\u2010border cases from neighboring countries such as Mozambique, good collaboration between the two countries in strengthening surveillance and hygiene practices in the borders will help in controlling the spread of the disease. While it is commendable that dozens of oral cholera vaccines have been given, it should be noted that this provides short\u2010term prevention. In addressing the nation's ongoing and recurrent cholera outbreaks, we advise prioritizing WASH efforts in addition to oral cholera vaccine administration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T19:21:08Z","timestamp":1696533668000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Fight against cholera outbreak, efforts and challenges in Malawi"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0700-5598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mictum","family":"Miggo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital  Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8568-7491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gracian","family":"Harawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department Mzuzu Central Hospital  Mzuzu Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5932-2325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan","family":"Kangwerema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Child Health Nkhatabay District Hospital  Mzuzu Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8561-9352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simfukwe","family":"Knovicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Zambia  Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6753-0071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chalo","family":"Mfune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Malawi College of Health Sciences  Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9973-4052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jackson","family":"Safari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Monitoring and Evaluation Independent Monitoring and Evaluation Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9924-7385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Thumbiko","family":"Kaunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Graduate school of Health Sciences University of Ryukyus Nishihara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3519-8366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Kalua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department Mzuzu Central Hospital  Mzuzu Malawi"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, College of Surgeons of East Central and Southern Africa Arusha Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6860-7317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glory","family":"Sefu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, College of Surgeons of East Central and Southern Africa Arusha Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8944-0322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elias","family":"Phiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The policy Unit Malawi Liverpool\u2010wellcome Trust Blantyre Malawi"},{"name":"Public Health Department, School of Global and Public Health Kamuzu University of Health Sciences Blantyre Malawi"},{"name":"Faculty of Public Health and Policy London School of Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parth","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department Atlas Medical Center Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"240","article-title":"Systematic study and meta\u2010analysis of risk factors associated with cholera outbreaks in Africa: a review","volume":"11","author":"Paye NG","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Cholera fact sheet 2022. 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