{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T11:37:24Z","timestamp":1783251444853,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visual assessment and imaging of the donor liver are inaccurate in predicting fibrosis and remain surrogates for histopathology. We demonstrate that 3\u2010s scans using a handheld near\u2010infrared\u2010spectroscopy (NIRS) instrument can identify and quantify fibrosis in fresh human liver samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We undertook NIRS scans on 107 samples from 27 patients, 88 from 23 patients with liver disease, and 19 from four organ donors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liver disease patients had a median immature fibrosis of 40% (interquartile range [IQR] 20\u201360) and mature fibrosis of 30% (10%\u201350%) on histopathology. The organ donor livers had a median fibrosis (both mature and immature) of 10% (IQR 5%\u201315%). Using machine learning, this study detected presence of cirrhosis and METAVIR grade of fibrosis with a classification accuracy of 96.3% and 97.2%, precision of 96.3% and 97.0%, recall of 96.3% and 97.2%, specificity of 95.4% and 98.0% and area under receiver operator curve of 0.977 and 0.999, respectively. Using partial\u2010least square regression machine learning, this study predicted the percentage of both immature (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.842) and mature (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.837) with a low margin of error (root mean square of error of 9.76% and 7.96%, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates that a point\u2010of\u2010care NIRS instrument can accurately detect, quantify and classify liver fibrosis using machine learning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T05:35:20Z","timestamp":1698816920000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Point\u2010of\u2010care detection of fibrosis in liver transplant surgery using near\u2010infrared spectroscopy and machine learning"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5008-4113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varun J.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Melbourne Medical School University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Brian F. 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W.","family":"Poon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Starkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Melbourne Medical School University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Liver &amp; Intestinal Transplant Unit Austin Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarina","family":"Moshfegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Melbourne Medical School University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Muthya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Melbourne Medical School University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"D'Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DonateLife Victoria  Carlton Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine Melbourne Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Austin Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire L.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Austin Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Melbourne Medical School University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Liver &amp; Intestinal Transplant Unit Austin Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac O.","family":"Afara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Architecture, and Information Technology  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bayden R.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biospectroscopy Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaishankar","family":"Raman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Melbourne Medical School University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Brian F. 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