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This study aimed to systematically review the prevalence of indeterminate TB\u2010IGRA following SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection or vaccination and to review associated factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic literature review was guided according to the PRISMA guidelines by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Clinicalkey, and Cochrane Library. Studies reporting results of TB\u2010IGRA tests (QuantiFERON [QFT]\u2010TB, T\u2010SPOT.TB) in COVID\u201019 patients or vaccines were included. The random effects model was used to assess the prevalence of indeterminate IGRA results. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the <jats:italic>\u03a4<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and 95% predictive interval.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 273 citations screened, 12 articles were included in the final analysis including a total of 2107 patients. The overall pooled effect size proportion of indeterminate QFT\u2010TB results, estimated in eight\u00a0studies using the QFT\u2010TB Plus assay, was 0.26 (95%\u00a0CI: 0.205\u22120.324, <jats:italic>\u03a4<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.158). The mean true effect size was 0.26 (95% predictive interval: [0.110\u22120.500]). A subgroup analysis was not undertaken due to the small number of studies. Indeterminate QFT\u2010TB rates were associated with COVID\u201019 severity, steroid treatment, inflammation\u2010related parameters, neutrophilia, and lymphopenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Indeterminate QFT\u2010TB results in COVID\u201019 patients occur in almost one\u2010quarter of tests performed. Further studies are needed to assess associated factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T05:20:02Z","timestamp":1703136002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevalence of indeterminate tuberculosis interferon\u2010gamma release assays in COVID\u201019 patients: Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Aicha","family":"Ben Tekaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University Tunis El Manar  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1347-8332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ameni","family":"Jerbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax University of Sfax  Sfax Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mouna","family":"Ben Sassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, National Center of Pharmacovigilance, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University Tunis El Manar  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salma","family":"Mokaddem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University of Tunis el Manar  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University Tunis El Manar  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chedli","family":"Dziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Honoris Medical Simulation Center, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University of Tunis el Manar  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Abdelmoula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University Tunis El Manar  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1405427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"WHO.Weekly epidemiological Updates on COVID\u201019.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---22-february-2023"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259006","article-title":"Active pulmonary tuberculosis and coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"16","author":"Aggarwal AN","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.745592","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis: a key to a successful tuberculosis control strategy","volume":"12","author":"Gong W","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.965359","article-title":"Feasibility of novel approaches to detect viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the spectrum of the tuberculosis disease","volume":"9","author":"Alebouyeh S","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2019.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldp039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01950-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201209-1621CI"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2022.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00811-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2022.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impaired cellular immunity to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in severe COVID\u201019 patients","volume":"12","author":"Ni L","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"WellsG SheaB O'ConnellD et al.\u00a0The Newcastle\u2010Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of non\u2010randomized studies in meta\u2010analyses 2013. 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"BorensteinM HedgesLE HigginsJPT RothsteinHRComprehensive meta\u2010analysis version 4. 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