{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T06:49:34Z","timestamp":1785912574928,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Poliomyelitis is an acute neurologic condition that causes muscle weakness, permanent flaccid paralysis, and even death. The world has seen a drastic fall in the number of poliovirus cases owing to effective immunization programs and preventive measures. Pakistan and Afghanistan still remain the two endemic countries for poliovirus, particularly, the WPV1 strain. Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) has set a target to eradicate all WPV1 cases by the end of 2023. However, the re\u2010emergence of WPV1 cases has posed a serious setback for the achievement of this target. This article aims to discuss the public health challenges that contribute to resurgence of poliovirus cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various databases including Cochrane, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, MEDLINE. Only articles written in English were considered. All the articles reporting the incidence of poliovirus and WPV1 cases in Pakistan, surveillance data and global context of poliovirus outbreak were evaluated to write this correspondence. In addition, references from the selected articles were also examined to ensure a comprehensive review of the literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article highlights the factors contributing to the re\u2010emergence of WPV1 cases in Pakistan. Low vaccine coverage, attacks on frontline polio health workers, misinformation, and reluctance to vaccine acceptance pose a daunting challenge for polio eradication. Further, gaps in AFP surveillance and sensitivity may underestimate the true extent of the emerging genetic clusters. The Covid\u201019 pandemic and subsequent flooding in the affected area have further worsened the underdeveloped public health infrastructure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the challenges, the country has observed a significant decline in the number of cases in the past 2 years. It is high time to capitalize on the decrease in WPV1 cases by intensifying the efforts to mitigate and limit the spread of the disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T05:18:45Z","timestamp":1707455925000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Re\u2010emergence of polio in Pakistan: Can the nation achieve the WPV1 eradication goal?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Aqib","family":"Faizan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gomal Medical College Khyber Medical University Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tooba","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gomal Medical College Khyber Medical University Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9794-9380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanila","family":"Mughal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Poliomyelitis.2022. Accessed July 11 2023.\u00a0https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/poliomyelitis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1915139"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Pakistan Polio Eradication Program.\u00a0Polio cases in pakistan | district wise. Accessed\u00a0December 31 2023.\u00a0https:\/\/www.endpolio.com.pk\/polioin-pakistan\/district-wise-polio-cases"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"Pakistan Polio Eradication Program. Two sewage samples from Quetta test positive for WPV1.2023. Accessed\u00a0December 31 \u00a02023.\u00a0https:\/\/www.endpolio.com.pk\/media-room\/media-releases\/2355-two-sewage-samples-from-quetta-test-positive-for-wpv1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7142a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Determinants of immunization in polio super high\u2010risk union councils of Pakistan","volume":"41","author":"Khan A","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.p2890"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Statement following the thirty\u2010seventh meeting of the IHR Emergency Committee for Polio.2023. Accessed December 31 2023.\u00a0https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/22-12-2023-statement-following-the-thirty-seventh-meeting-of-the-ihr-emergency-committee-for-polio"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10105395231158866"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Vaccine hesitancy and perceptions of the community about polio in high\u2010risk areas of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan","volume":"11","author":"Abbasi FH","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2023.2237390"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.23.290122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7233a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"Pakistan Polio Eradication Program. National emergency operations centre for polio eradication.2023. Accessed December 31 2023.\u00a0https:\/\/www.endpolio.com.pk\/images\/polio-briefer\/NEOC-Newsletter-1-20-August2023.pdf"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.1862","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.1862","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.1862","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T06:15:47Z","timestamp":1785910547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.1862"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.1862"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.1862","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e1862"}}