{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T06:49:14Z","timestamp":1785912554055,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vaginal douching is practiced by women for various reasons. Studies have shown that this practice can upset the normal vaginal flora, increasing susceptibility to certain sexually transmitted diseases (STIs). This study aimed to assess the health risks associated with this practice among women aged 15\u201354 years in a densely populated community in Kumasi, the second capital city of Ghana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional survey was conducted to gather data on the prevalence of vaginal douching among young women and their beliefs, motivations, and knowledge about the practice. A structured questionnaire was used in recruiting participants. One\u2010hundred and fifteen\u00a0structured questionnaires were administered to women aged between 15 and 54 after their consent was sought.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study established that more than half of the participants (69.6%) engaged in douching with a midpoint of 19.5. The study indicated no significant difference between the age of participants and douching (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.93). However, there was an indication of a significant association between educational status, marital status, and perception in relation to douching (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.003, 0.0015, and 0.00, respectively), which also influenced the frequency of douching and contraction of STIs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most women in the study community recruited, regardless of their educational and marital status, believed that douching is necessary and considered part of feminine hygiene practices. Practicing douching may lead to most health complications including pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility which must be given serious attention by researchers, health personnel, and various women's groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T05:49:02Z","timestamp":1707889742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Vaginal douching and health risks among young women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3121-6114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solomon","family":"Wireko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Technology Kumasi Technical University  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Ofosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Technology Kumasi Technical University  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Agyemang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Technology Kumasi Technical University  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert Ekoe","family":"Dankluvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Technology Kumasi Technical University  Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrews Evans","family":"Cobbina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03290-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KamazimaSR. 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