{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T18:29:12Z","timestamp":1781634552749,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many women reported experiencing abnormalities in their cycle after being vaccinated with Covid\u201019 vaccination. To understand this issue further, our study aimed to evaluate the menstrual cycle patterns among women of childbearing age after receiving COVID\u201019 vaccinations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted to investigate the impact of COVID\u201019 vaccine on women aged 18 years and above in Saudi Arabia. A self\u2010administered online questionnaire was distributed among participants who had received at least one dose of COVID\u201019 vaccine. The questionnaire included questions about the participants' demographic characteristics, medical history, and vaccine\u2010related adverse events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 383 female participants with an average age of 30.8\u2009\u00b1\u20098.1 years. The majority of participants, 92.7%, were Saudi, and more than half, 51.4%, were single. Of the participants, 78.9% were disease\u2010free, and a majority of 67.9% had no history of Coronavirus Disease 2019 infection. A significant proportion of participants reported postvaccination changes in the menstrual cycle. Specifically, 43.1% reported changes after the first dose, and 38.4% reported changes after the second dose (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.044). The severity of premenstrual symptoms increased from 44 (11.5%) to 113 (29.5%) after the first dose. Reported pain on the (WONG\u2010BAKER) scale was also significantly elevated from 34 (8.9%) to 87 (22.7%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) after the first dose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A relatively high prevalence of menstrual cycle irregularities was reported by Saudi vaccinated women, particularly young adults. These findings suggest the need to further research and explore the underlying causes of these irregularities and develop interventions that may help mitigate their impact on women's health. It is also recommended that women who observe long\u2010term changes in their menstrual cycles seek follow\u2010up and consultation with healthcare providers to ensure that any potential health concerns are addressed promptly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T03:33:08Z","timestamp":1715311988000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association between receiving Covid\u201019 vaccine and menstrual cycle patterns among childbearing women: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6761-9519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halah Z.","family":"AlRawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Second Health Cluster Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2631-7535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa","family":"AlQurashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Second Health Cluster Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doaa","family":"AlDahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Registry Saudi National Institution of Health (SNIH) Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha","family":"Alkhudhayri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Second Health Cluster Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3199-0428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amani R.","family":"Alsharidah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Wani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Second Health Cluster Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dania","family":"AlJaroudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Endocrine and Infertility Medicine Department, King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Second Health Cluster Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2002387"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00243-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Covid\u201019 dashboard: Saudi Arabia [Internet]. 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