{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:33:53Z","timestamp":1776990833209,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of blood in the stomach has been thought to affect the performance of diagnostic tests used in detecting <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>) in the stomach. This study evaluates the effect of upper gastrointestinal bleeding on the efficacy of a rapid urease test (RUT) and compares the results with the pathologic method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this descriptive study, 100 patients presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, confirmed from endoscopy, referred to Shahid Rahimi Hospital in Khorramabad were enrolled. Antral biopsy was performed in all the patients and the samples were extracted for histopathology and RUT. A questionnaire was used to collect rapid urease test outcomes and associated parameters (antibiotic, bismuth, and proton pump inhibitors), histology and demographic data. Histopathology was used as the gold standard for diagnosis of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 52 patients who were reported positive for <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> in pathology, 36 had RUT\u2010positive <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>, sensitivity 69.2%, and of 48 patients whose pathology was negative, 25 had negative RUT, specificity 52.1%. Of 59 RUT, 36 had positive pathology, positive predictive value was 61% and from 41 with negative RUT, 25 had negative pathology, negative predictive value was 61%. The prevalence of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection was significantly associated with the age of 50 years and above, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.042, and previous history of bleeding, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastrointestinal bleeding can reduce the sensitivity of RUT. The negative results of these tests in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding should therefore be interpreted carefully.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T03:19:16Z","timestamp":1713928756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Diagnosis of <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> infection\u2014Descriptive study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3206-161X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saleh","family":"Azadbakht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Khorramabad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salehe","family":"Azadbakht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Khorramabad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8103-3506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morteza","family":"Azadbakht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Khorramabad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.1157"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.10.020"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"P18","article-title":"Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with celiac disease","volume":"22","author":"Moradniani M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran J\u00a0Gastroenterol\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28681"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"855","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial: triple therapy versus 5\u2010day concomitant therapy","volume":"8","author":"Sherkatolabbasieh H","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Adv Biotechnol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5372\/1905-7415.0901.373"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i40.11221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2020.100725"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3351-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2002.120391"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3414-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598198"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4819423"},{"issue":"90","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"134","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial; 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