{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:51:02Z","timestamp":1793141462718,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) has been determined to be highly prevalent in countries within the tropical climate region. However, little evidence from studies conducted within this region has been put forward to support this claim.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the prevalence and risk factors of VKC among a Ghanaian clinical cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 3\u2010year case\u2010control study was conducted in a tertiary eye care institution, and medical records of patients who had been diagnosed of VKC between 2018 and 2021 were reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical records of 3800 patients were reviewed. Some  cases of VKC were identified, with a population prevalence rate of . Males comprised  of the population with VKC, with a male\u2010to\u2010female ratio of . The disease was more prevalent (40.8%) in children (17 years), and the overall odds of incidence decreased by 10% for a unit increase in age. Age and sex\u2010adjusted models revealed significant positive associations between Keratoconus [aOR = 40.760, 95% CI \u20135.948 to\u00a0339.937], Rhinitis [cOR = 5.183, 95% CI \u20132.074 to 12.022] and VKC. However, the incidence of VKC was relatively less expressive among pterygium cases [cOR = 0.315, 95% CI \u20130.077 to 0.846].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>VKC is highly prevalent among children and is often associated with comorbidities of atopic origin that exacerbate the impact of the disease among this vulnerable population. It is imperative that clinicians provide holistic care for children with VKC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T12:18:45Z","timestamp":1709554725000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis among a Ghanaian clinical cohort: A case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2568-8246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Kyei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry and Vision Science, College of Health and Allied Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana"},{"name":"Biomedical and Clinical Research Center, College of Health and Allied Sciences University of Cape Coast  Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Nkansah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry and Vision Science, College of Health and Allied Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kofi","family":"Asiedu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and vision science, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"Asiamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry and Vision Science, College of Health and Allied Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebenezer","family":"Zaabaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry and Vision Science, College of Health and Allied Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong The People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebenezer","family":"Afrifa\u2010Yamoah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science Edith Cowan University  Joondalup Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01347.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13520"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0345-7"},{"issue":"68","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Limbal Vernal kerato\u2010conjunctivitis in Yaounde, Cameroon. 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