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Acute diarrhea and severe dehydration brought on by cholera can cause hypovolemic shock, which can be fatal in minutes. Without competent clinical therapy, the rate of case fatality surpasses 50%. The purpose of this review was to highlight cholera challenges in Africa and the Middle East and explain the reasons for why this region is currently a fertile environment for cholera. We investigated cholera serology, epidemiology, and the geographical distribution of cholera in Africa and the Middle East in 2022 and 2023. We reviewed detection methods, such as rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and treatments, such as antibiotics and phage therapy. Finally, this review explored oral cholera vaccines (OCVs), and the vaccine shortage crisis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We carried out a systematic search in multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Embase, for studies on cholera using the following keywords: ((Cholera) OR (Vibrio cholera) and (Coronavirus) OR (COVID\u201019) OR (SARS\u2010CoV2) OR (The Middle East) OR (Africa)).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cholera outbreaks have increased dramatically, mainly in Africa and many Middle Eastern countries. The COVID\u201019 pandemic has reduced the attention devoted to cholera and disrupted diagnosis and treatment services, as well as vaccination initiatives. Most of the cholera cases in Africa and the Middle East were reported in Malawi and Syria, respectively, in 2022. RDTs are effective in the early detection of cholera epidemics, especially with limited advanced resources, which is the case in much of Africa. By offering both direct and indirect protection, expanding the use of OCV will significantly reduce the burden of current cholera outbreaks in Africa and the Middle East.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.2013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T04:23:25Z","timestamp":1715574205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cholera rages in Africa and the Middle East: A narrative review on challenges and solutions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5134-1089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman K.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor Coll","family":"Sijercic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Central College Naperville Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahad S.","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Central College Naperville Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elbayomy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2212Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Marouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0766-3055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahlet S.","family":"Zeleke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menelik II Medical and Health Science College Kotebe Metropolitan University Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Sayad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelrahman","family":"Abdelshafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Laird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Central College Naperville Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"El\u2010Mokhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilbert &amp; Rose\u2010Marie Chagoury School of Medicine Lebanese American University Byblos Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory R.","family":"Ruthig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, North Central College Naperville Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helal F.","family":"Hetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.20.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11232763"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375600"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI20982"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60436-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00778"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100753"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31744\/einstein_journal\/2022CE6938"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2017.1249470"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-392"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01721-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_15_1","unstructured":"InternationalI. 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