{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:54:20Z","timestamp":1753869260407,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetic foot and lower limb problems are among the most neglected complications during the Syrian armed conflict due to the absence of a functioning health infrastructure, including early detection and timely management of limb\u2010threatening wounds. This study aimed to determine self\u2010reported diabetes\u2010related foot disease (DRFD), adherence to recommended foot self\u2010care (FSC) practices, and associated factors among people with diabetes in war\u2010torn Northwest Syria (NWS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a cross\u2010sectional study conducted at six primary care clinics in Idlib, NWS, between March 27 and April 17, 2022, utilizing the validated interviewer\u2010administered Diabetes Foot Disease and Foot Care Questionnaire. Data on demographic characteristics, DRFD, and FSC practices were collected. FSC score was determined by adding the points from all 12 FSC items, with a maximum score of 48, and were categorized into very poor (\u226412), poor (13\u201324), moderate (25\u201336), and good (37\u201348). A convenience sample of 331 consecutive Syrians, aged \u226518 years, with diabetes, were invited. Multiple linear regression was used to identify variables associated with FSC practices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 328 patients completed the questionnaire (response rate: 99.1%). The overall FSC score was average (mean total score 27.24, SD 7.03). Over one\u2010third (37.8%) had a very poor\/poor score, 50.3% had an average score, and 11.9% had a good score. Household income\/month of \u226551 USD (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]:1.06\u20134.1, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) and diabetes duration of \u226510 years (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.8, 95% Cl: 0.2\u20133.4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.027) significantly predicted better FSC practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant proportion of participants had inadequate adoption FSC behaviors. Higher socioeconomic status was associated with better FSC practices. Future research should evaluate diabetic foot education and professional foot care in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.2098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T03:24:15Z","timestamp":1716348255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Level of and factors associated with foot self\u2010care among people with diabetes in Idlib Province of Northwest Syria: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Tareq","family":"Al\u2010Ashkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Idlib University  Idlib Syria"},{"name":"Northwest Syria Research Team (NWS\u2010RT)  Idlib Syria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thaer","family":"Alhussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Idlib University  Idlib Syria"},{"name":"Northwest Syria Research Team (NWS\u2010RT)  Idlib Syria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad S.","family":"Eido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Idlib University  Idlib Syria"},{"name":"Northwest Syria Research Team (NWS\u2010RT)  Idlib Syria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaimaa","family":"Al\u2010Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Idlib University  Idlib Syria"},{"name":"Northwest Syria Research Team (NWS\u2010RT)  Idlib Syria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Idlib University  Idlib Syria"},{"name":"Northwest Syria Research Team (NWS\u2010RT)  Idlib Syria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Fathallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Idlib University  Idlib Syria"},{"name":"Northwest Syria Research Team (NWS\u2010RT)  Idlib Syria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Al\u2010Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Idlib University  Idlib Syria"},{"name":"Northwest Syria Research Team (NWS\u2010RT)  Idlib Syria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9186-9796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Alhiraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Syria Research Team (NWS\u2010RT)  Idlib Syria"},{"name":"Acute Medicine Department Lincoln County Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust  Lincoln UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2423-4162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim S.","family":"Al\u2010Busaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Clinical Simulation University of Otago  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-016-0186-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.2016.16.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3268"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1615439"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2016.1231932"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2020.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2021.10.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15347346221110074"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01044-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2017.1285338"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/ds18-0070"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13651"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2019.107493"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ajm.AJM_67_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","unstructured":"United Nations.Humanitarian needs assessment programme. 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