{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:07:24Z","timestamp":1787242044933,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study aims to shed light on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of breast self\u2010examination with breast cancer (BC) among female patients in the oncology department of Baghdad Medical City.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study involved 100 female participants at the Oncology Teaching Hospital in Baghdad Medical City between June 15 and October 15, 2022. Using convenient sampling, the study targeted females aged 30\u201375, recently or previously diagnosed with BC, admitted for treatment and follow\u2010ups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Regarding the assessment of knowledge, among the surveyed patients, 71 are aware of breast self\u2010examination (BSE), primarily through social media (42 patients). The study also explores the link between BSE and education levels. While Pearson's chi\u2010square shows no significance (0.107), the likelihood ratio suggests a significant association (0.041). Regarding the analysis of attitudes, the study assessment for the reasons for compliance showed that 19 patients cite medical reasons, and 48 patients attribute noncompliance to a lack of knowledge of how to perform BSE. Regarding the examination of practice, high statistical significance is evident in both Pearson's\u00a0chi\u2010square (0.000) and likelihood ratio (0.000) tests, emphasizing the substantial relationship between the post\u2010diagnosis initiation timing of BSE and its correct execution. Additionally, a statistically significant association exists between performing BSE correctly and discovering BC\u00a0(\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.000).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regarding the assessment of knowledge, our study found high awareness of BSE within the population, primarily through social media and health organizations. Regarding the analysis of attitudes, a notable proportion refrained from practicing BSE, primarily due to a perceived lack of knowledge about the methods. Regarding the examination of practice, the observed significant associations between performing BSE correctly, discovering BC, and the frequency of examinations underscore the pivotal role of consistent and accurate BSE in early detection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.2137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:33:28Z","timestamp":1717029208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessing breast self\u2010examination knowledge and practices among women in Iraq: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Mustafa Najah","family":"Al\u2010Obaidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine University of Baghdad  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Dheyaa","family":"Al\u2010Obaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine University of Baghdad  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6155-7302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hashim Talib","family":"Hashim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine University of Warith Al\u2010Anbiyaa  Karbala Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7740-1453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Sermed","family":"Al Sakini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine University of Baghdad  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulqader Majed","family":"Abd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine University of Baghdad  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rusul Husham","family":"Rashed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine University of Baghdad  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania Omar","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine University of Baghdad  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Al Saeedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (M.A.S.) Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (M.A.S., L.O.L.) Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ammar","family":"Al\u2010Obaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology\/Oncology University of Missouri\u2010Kansas City  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6959-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Talib","family":"Hashim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Golestan University of Medical Sciences  Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Iraqi cancer incidence and mortality","volume":"7","author":"World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iraq Glob Cancer Obs Globocan"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","article-title":"Cancer today: estimated number of prevalent cases (5\u2010year) as a proportion in 2020, corpus uteri, females, all ages","author":"IARC (WHO)","year":"2020","journal-title":"Globocan"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","article-title":"Estimated age\u2010standardized mortality rates (World) in 2020, worldwide, females, all ages","author":"Ferlay J","year":"2020","journal-title":"Globocan"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","unstructured":"Iraqi Cancer Board. Results of the Iraqi Cancer Registry 2012; 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","article-title":"Iraqi initiative of a regional comparative breast cancer research project in the Middle East","volume":"2","author":"Alwan N","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cancer Biol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Iraqi breast cancer:\u00a0a\u00a0review on patients' demographic characteristics and clinico\u2010pathological presentation","volume":"52","author":"Aalwan N","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Fac Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12207"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0258"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2011-0050"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8026297"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25516"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70179-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1176022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26719\/2012.18.4.337"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30135-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-0105.139730"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","first-page":"1511","article-title":"The knowledge and attitude of breast self examination and mammography among rural women","volume":"4","author":"Veena KS","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-509X.197710"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"The effect of planned education on women's knowledge about breast cancer and breast self examination","volume":"1","author":"Arslan DA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t \u00dcniv Hem\u015fire E\u2010Derg"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2014.15.16.6525"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2014.15.20.8637"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"The effect of training on nursing students' knowledge about the breast self\u2010examination","volume":"7","author":"Erkoc A","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Breast Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","article-title":"The efficacy of clinical breast exams and breast self\u2010exams in detecting malignancy or positive ultrasound findings","volume":"14","author":"Huang N","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1992.tb00113.x"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","first-page":"1737","article-title":"Breast cancer. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of breast self examination among women in Qassim region of Saudi Arabia","volume":"27","author":"Jahan S","year":"2006","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"A comparative study on pain caused by standard and Z\u2013track method for IM injection","volume":"9","author":"Jolaee S","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hayat"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Effectiveness of teaching by two methods in knowledge about BSE and risk factors of breast cancer in nursing and midwifery students of Qazvin University Medical Sciences","volume":"5","author":"Yekeh Falah ZE L","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Urmia Nurs Midwifery Fac"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(12)70131-7"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Effect of breast self examination training programon knowledge, attitude and practice of a group of working women","volume":"12","author":"Seif NY","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Egypt Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002820-200208000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.15.6669"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105783"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2016.17.4.2229"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-005-0693-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.24.1837"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Knowledge about breast cancer risk\u2010factors, breast screening method and practice of breast screening among female healthcare professionals working in governmental hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"2","author":"Teferi S","year":"2012","journal-title":"IOSR J Pharm Biol Sci"},{"issue":"52","key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","first-page":"64","article-title":"Knowledge and practice of above 15 years old females towards breast cancer prevention in Sari township","volume":"16","author":"Godazandeh G","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Maz Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01557-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1084"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","first-page":"637","article-title":"Synchronous primary malignancies of the lung and breast: a rare case report","volume":"3","author":"Ali AM","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Curr Oncol Med Sci"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.2137","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:21:51Z","timestamp":1719447711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.2137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.2137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.2137","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2137"}}