{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:19:33Z","timestamp":1791559173593,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Celiac disease (CD) has proinflammatory and pathogenic immune responses to gluten in intestinal tissue, leading to structural changes in the mucosa of the small intestine. The association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)\u2010DQ2 and DQ8 genotypes with CD has been previously reported. This test has a negative predictive value close to 100%, so its main purpose is to rule out the detection of CD completely or almost completely. There is limited information regarding HLA\u2010DQ4\/5 in CD. This study was conducted to determine the HLA\u2010DQ4\/5 genotypes in a group of Southwestern Iranian children with CD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a case\u2010control study in Southwest Iran involving 100 participants, employing a nonprobabilistic sampling method. Samples were taken from participants' oral buccal mucosa at Imam Sajjad Hospital of Yasuj, Iran. Then DNA was extracted from these samples and used to determine the frequency of HLA\u2010DQ4\/5 genotypes through Sequence\u2010Specific Primer\u2010Polymerase Chain Reaction assay. SPSS 20 was utilized for statistical analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty diagnosed patients with CD (high anti\u2010tissue transglutaminase [tTG]\u2010IgA level [upper limit of normal] with pathological findings of Marsh III) and 50 non\u2010CD individuals (normal anti\u2010tTG\u2010IgA level and normal total IgA level) were enrolled in the study from August 5, 2022 to October 15, 2023. Findings showed that the DQ4a*4b allele has the highest frequency in the CD samples (78%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) followed by the DQ5a*5b allele (12%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Additionally, there was a higher prevalence of DQ4\/DQ5 in patients with CD compared to controls (odds ratio\u2009=\u20096.5, confidence interval\u2009=\u20090.84 to 69.46, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Furthermore, a significant association was found among HLA DQ4\/5 genotype, age (&gt;9.5) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and gender (female) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The observed significant differences among HLA\u2010DQ4 and HLA\u2010DQ5 in Iranian CD samples against controls and the high value of the relative risks showed the significant function of the studied alleles in the prevalence of CD in Iranian patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.2242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T04:20:10Z","timestamp":1721017210000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of HLA\u2010DQ4\/5 genotype polymorphisms with celiac disease in a group of children in Southwest Iran: A case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Keshtkari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Clinical Research Center, Emam Sajad Hospital Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Danaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Member of Iran High\u2010Tech Laboratory Network Dana Gene Pajoohan Karmania Company Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1949-9927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milad","family":"Mollaali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Member of Iran High\u2010Tech Laboratory Network Dana Gene Pajoohan Karmania Company Kerman Iran"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science University of Sistan and Baluchestan Zahedan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2016.1148599"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adf4312"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep0582"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h4347"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Celiac disease: pathogenesis, disease management and new insights into the herbal\u2010based treatments","volume":"3","author":"Mittal P","year":"2023","journal-title":"Narra J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0054-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002497"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-023-04659-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17352\/2455-2283.000074"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5409\/wjcp.v10.i4.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17867"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-017-0985-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Predicting susceptibility to celiac disease by genetic risk profiling","volume":"1","author":"Romanos J","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1780"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2135229100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0198-8859(94)90059-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021188"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00794-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15234899"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619844125"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","first-page":"S3","article-title":"Review article: epidemiology of coeliac disease","volume":"56","author":"Makharia GK","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Relationship between anxiety and quality of life in the presence of other factors in adult celiac patients; 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