{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T08:40:56Z","timestamp":1785832856137,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013342","name":"NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013342","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Traditional apprenticeship\u2010based surgical training presents with challenges, especially in acute scenarios. Simulation provides the current standard of facilitating surgical training in a low\u2010risk environment but is restricted by limited accessibility and high costs. Virtual reality (VR) offers immersive three\u2010dimensional computer\u2010generated training scenarios and can connect users from various locations. We aimed to compare the performance of junior doctors to manage an acute surgical scenario using VR and mannequin\u2010based simulation. We hypothesised that VR would be as effective as mannequin\u2010based simulation in performance outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This multicentre, randomised controlled pilot study was conducted with eighteen junior doctor volunteers (Foundation and Core Trainee Year 1). Ten were randomly allocated to VR and eight to mannequin\u2010based simulation. Participants completed questionnaires and a 15\u2010min pneumothorax scenario. Quantitative metrics included overall score, time\u2010to\u2010critical decisions, and academic buoyancy scores (ABS). Qualitative metrics included participants' likes and dislikes of their allocated simulation modality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>VR participants scored significantly higher than mannequin\u2010based simulation participants in overall scores (74.30% (SD\u2009\u00b1\u20095.08%) <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 59.75% (SD\u2009\u00b1\u200910.14) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04)), and technical skills aspects (77.20% (SD\u2009\u00b1\u20098.01%) <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 65.00% (SD\u2009\u00b1\u20098.21%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01)). Mannequin\u2010based simulation participants initiated critical decisions faster and demonstrated a trend towards a faster mean time\u2010to\u2010completion (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.06). ABS scores increased for both study groups, though was only significant for VR participants (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.01). VR participants liked how VR fostered independent learning but disliked the formulaic content and impaired communication\u2010learning compared to mannequin\u2010based simulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both VR and mannequin\u2010based simulation training are effective in training junior doctors in acute surgical scenarios but present different educational benefits. Future research should recruit a larger sample size for a full comparative randomised controlled trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.2245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T05:08:13Z","timestamp":1720501693000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparing virtual reality and simulation to teach the assessment and management of acute surgical scenarios: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2489-4332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi\u2010Tra","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Cancer,\u00a0Academic Section of Vascular Surgery Imperial College London London 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Vascular Surgery Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Imperial Vascular Unit Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Shalhoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Cancer,\u00a0Academic Section of Vascular Surgery Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Imperial Vascular Unit Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London 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