{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T05:40:27Z","timestamp":1792820427792,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Marburg virus (MARV) is a highly virulent virus of animal origin and the cause of a lethal infection (known as Marburg virus disease [MVD]) with a case\u2010fatality ratio ranging from 24% to 90%. While the potential nonzoonotic routes of virus spread are plausible, the risk is not yet fully determined. Here, we described the ways by which MARV spreads within the human population focusing mainly on the potential of sexual transmission. In addition, we addressed some measures that should be taken to minimize the risk of sexual spread of the virus and proposed a future research agenda on the risk of sexual transmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For this perspective, we searched four electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) and included the most relevant studies published since the first identification of the virus in 1967. We used \u201cMarburg virus,\u201d \u201cMarburg virus disease,\u201d \u201cSeminal fluid,\u201d \u201cSexually\u2010transmitted virus,\u201d \u201cSexual transmission,\u201d and \u201cEmerging infectious disease\u201d as keywords.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>MARV is transmitted to humans via both direct and indirect contact with infected animals (most importantly bats) and individuals who have recently been diagnosed with or died of the disease. The virus transmission through sexual contact has been previously suspected (exclusively from men to their sexual partners). Studies suggest that this virus persists predominantly in testicular Sertoli cells within seminiferous tubules over a relatively long period and is released through seminal fluid (in some reports &gt;200 days post onset of infection) both could potentially threaten sexual health. In addition to men, women could theoretically, although less probably contribute to the sexual transmission of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MVD, however, rarely, could be passed through sex, and men appear to be the main carriers in this regard. Taking preventive countermeasures and practicing safe sex are recommended to reduce the risk of interhuman transmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.2270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T05:46:32Z","timestamp":1722577592000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Can Marburg virus be sexually transmitted?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1040-1508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Karami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0415-0239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arash","family":"Letafati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0084-2186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Somayeh Sadat Hosseini","family":"Fakhr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1395"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2021.100920"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-03108-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106941"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106213"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","article-title":"Recent outbreaks of Marburg virus in Africa: an urgent call for public concern","volume":"6","author":"Jamiu A","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Surg Glob Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361231168520"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trv024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1239079"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv307"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1661"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00258-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Survival of Marburg virus infectivity on contaminated surfaces and in aerosols","volume":"41","author":"Belanov EF","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vopr Virusol"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01734141"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00095-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx155"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003273"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2011.592826"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2304.161743"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00021.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000162"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.08.003"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","first-page":"S423","article-title":"New insights into Marburg virus disease pathogenesis in the rhesus macaque model","volume":"218","author":"Cooper TK","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw202"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2017.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10120683"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv351"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.IJSTD_21_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WebbAL SchindellBG SouleG et al.Early Sertoli cell gene expression regulates pathogenesis in response to Ebola virus.2023. 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