{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:57:42Z","timestamp":1780588662296,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder with modifiable risk factors that are associated with considerable health and economic burdens. The current study was conducted to assess the signs and symptoms, food behaviors, depression, anxiety, and stress related to GERD in Herat, Afghanistan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A descriptive study was conducted between August 29 and October 20, 2020, among patients with GERD symptoms, who provided informed verbal consent at the Mowaffaq Clinic and Sehat Hospital in Herat, Afghanistan. The minimum sample size was 384. Data were collected using a three\u2010domain questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 42 standard questionnaire. SPSS version 27 was used to perform descriptive statistics and <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample consisted of 396 patients, with the majority being female (67.9%), married (78.5%), and illiterate (34.8%). Heartburn (88.1%) and regurgitation (84.3%) were the most common symptoms reported by participants. Tomato consumption (60.1%) was the most frequent type of eating behavior. Most patients reported severe anxiety (45.9%) and showed statistically significant differences in age, sex, education level, and cigarette usage. This study also found that certain demographic status, eating behaviors, and symptoms were associated with significantly different depression, anxiety, and stress scores among patients with GERD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study demonstrates the association between GERD and various modifiable risk factors in Herat, Afghanistan. Public health initiatives focusing on preventive measures and raising awareness can potentially alleviate the burden of GERD. Moreover, further research and targeted interventions are essential to improve health outcomes, particularly among patients with GERD, who may experience psychological comorbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.2301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T05:04:57Z","timestamp":1724130297000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of gastroesophageal reflux disease signs, symptoms, and food behaviors concerning mental health in Herat, Afghanistan: A descriptive study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1443-7353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Said A. G.","family":"Saeedy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Para\u2010clinic, Faculty of Medicine Herat University  Herat Afghanistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8306-3562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad F.","family":"Faiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Para\u2010clinic, Faculty of Medicine Herat University  Herat Afghanistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5821-9177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Curative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Jami University  Herat Afghanistan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Herat University  Herat Afghanistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8857-7765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasar A.","family":"Shayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Herat University  Herat Afghanistan"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University  London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2017.07.001"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","first-page":"1351","article-title":"[Non\u2010erosive reflux disease (NERD)]","volume":"74","author":"Kasugai K","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nihon Rinsho"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-016-1282-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2017.01.003"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)","volume":"115","author":"Clarrett DM","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mo Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms related to lifestyle and diet","volume":"72","author":"Taraszewska A","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05684.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.21360"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2005.10.011"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"The gut\u2010brain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems","volume":"28","author":"Carabotti M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4273-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010153"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm18069"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","unstructured":"CarstensenB PlummerM LaaraE HillsMEpi: A Package for Statistical Analysis in Epidemiology [Internet].2024. 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