{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T13:49:22Z","timestamp":1772459362535,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple national guidelines stress the importance for clinicians to possess good therapeutic skills for working with patients with significant relational difficulties (who may receive a diagnosis of personality disorder). Training clinicians in mentalization\u2010based treatment skills (MBT\u2010S) is one approach to address this. The main outcome measure used in MBT\u2010S studies is the <jats:italic>Knowledge and Application of MBT Questionnaire<\/jats:italic> (KAMQ). However, an absence of research into the properties and validity of the KAMQ has limited the methodological quality of MBT\u2010S evaluations so far. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the factor structure, internal consistency, reliability, and validity of the KAMQ.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using an existing multiprofessional sample of 217 clinicians from 2014 to 2016, we undertook exploratory factor analysis to determine the factor structure and internal consistency of the KAMQ. Convergent validity of the measure with the Attitudes to Personality Disorder Questionnaire (APDQ) was assessed in a subset of this dataset where both questionnaires had been administered (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 92). Additionally, by recruiting a new sample of 70 clinicians, we assessed the measure's test\u2010retest reliability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Factor analysis found three factors underlying 17 of the 20 KAMQ items, relating to therapeutic skills in mentalizing, beliefs about applying MBT in practice, and specific MBT knowledge. The KAMQ was revised following the factor analysis to form the KAMQ\u20102 with 17 items. Internal consistency (<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> = .85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.80\u20100.89) and test\u2010retest reliability (ICC = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.73\u20100.91) were good. In correlation analyses, the KAMQ\u20102 showed convergent validity with the main factor from the APDQ (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 48; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 0.39, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The KAMQ\u20102 provides a short, reliable self\u2010report instrument which probes clinicians' knowledge about mentalizing skills, and beliefs about using these. There was preliminary evidence for validity. The properties of the KAMQ\u20102 mean that more robust evaluation and development of MBT\u2010S is now possible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T22:46:25Z","timestamp":1613601985000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Examining the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the main outcome measure used in mentalization\u2010based therapy skills training"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6309-0814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Polnay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Division The State Hospital  Carstairs UK"},{"name":"Psychotherapy Department Royal Edinburgh Hospital  Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Division of Psychiatry Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsey G.","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Psychological Therapy Service The State Hospital  Carstairs UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aileen","family":"Burnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychological Therapy Service The State Hospital  Carstairs UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Personality Disorder and Homelessness Team Glasgow City Health and Social Care Partnership  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Cahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lansdowne Psychotherapy Service  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Lanarkshire Psychotherapy Service  Carluke UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rowanbank Clinic  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Patrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Division The State Hospital  Carstairs UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Working with Offenders with Personality Disorder: A Practitioners Guide","author":"Craissati J","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Borderline Personality Disorder: Treatment and Management. 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