{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:43:42Z","timestamp":1784648622578,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR001082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR001082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016193","name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEM\u2010Pilot\u20102017\u2010MM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEM\u2010Pilot\u20102017\u2010MM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Improving the quality of pre\u2010hospital traumatic shock care, especially in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries, is particularly relevant to reducing the large global burden of disease from injury. What clinical interventions represent high\u2010quality care is an actively evolving field and often dependent on the specific injury pattern. A key component of improving the quality of care is having a consistent way to assess and measure the quality of shock care in the pre\u2010hospital setting. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a chart abstraction instrument to measure the quality of trauma care in a resource\u2010limited, pre\u2010hospital emergency care setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Traumatic shock was selected as the tracer condition. The pre\u2010hospital quality of traumatic shock care (QTSC) instrument was developed and validated in three phases. A content development phase utilized a rapid literature review and expert consensus to yield the contents of the draft instrument. In the instrument validation phase, the QTSC instrument was created and underwent end user and content validation. A pilot\u2010testing phase collected user feedback and performance characteristics to iteratively refine draft versions into a final instrument. Accuracy and inter\u2010 and intra\u2010rater agreement were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The final QTSC instrument contains 10 domains of quality, each with specific criteria that determine how the domain is measured and the level of quality of care rendered. The instrument is over 90% accurate and has good inter\u2010 and intra\u2010rater reliability when used by trained pre\u2010hospital provider users in South Africa. Pre\u2010hospital provider user feedback indicates the tool is easy to learn and quick to use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We created and validated a novel chart abstraction instrument that can reliably and accurately measure the quality of pre\u2010hospital traumatic shock care. We provide a systematic methodology for developing and validating a quality of care tool for resource\u2010limited care settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T16:27:31Z","timestamp":1634660851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Measuring quality of pre\u2010hospital traumatic shock care\u2014development and validation of an instrument for <scp>resource\u2010limited<\/scp> settings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4303-6903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nee\u2010Kofi","family":"Mould\u2010Millman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Cape Government, Department of Health Emergency Medical Services  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halea","family":"Meese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine University of New Mexico  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina V.","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Burkholder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine  California Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Cape Government, Department of Health Emergency Medical Services  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrix","family":"Bester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Cape Government, Department of Health Emergency Medical Services  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS) University of Colorado Denver  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaheem","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Cape Government, Department of Health Emergency Medical Services  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee A.","family":"Wallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Cape Government, Department of Health Emergency Medical Services  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adit A.","family":"Ginde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"310","volume-title":"Emergency Medical Services: At the Crossroads","author":"Medicine IO","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12270"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000479"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2010.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-001486"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2005.00397.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzs061"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12269"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/icsp.10.1.45.14114"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","unstructured":"Organization WH.Injuries and violence the facts. 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