{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T22:35:11Z","timestamp":1785882911017,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased vulnerability to respiratory infections. This study aimed to determine the potential relationships between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) severity, serum vitamin D concentrations, and some inflammatory markers among pediatric COVID\u201019 patients in Iran.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted among hospitalized pediatric COVID\u201019 cases in Abuzar Hospital (Ahvaz, Iran) for 6 months. The COVID\u201019 diagnosis was based on the real\u2010time reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction\u00a0technique. Demographic and clinical data of patients were recorded. Patients with serum vitamin D levels lower than 20\u2009ng\/ml were assigned as Group 1 and those with serum vitamin D concentrations equal to or more than 20\u2009ng\/ml were considered as Group 2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 144 patients were enrolled. Their mean age was 80\u2009\u2009\u00b1\u2009\u200949 months (range: 1\u201316 years). Patients in Group 1 had significantly lower levels of serum vitamin D, calcium, and lymphocytes, as well as higher fibrinogen, <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010dimer, and C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) levels compared with those in Group 2 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In addition, they had a significantly higher dry cough, fever, chest radiographic findings, respiratory rate, and longer hospital length of stay\u00a0than patients in Group 2. Serum concentrations of vitamin D were positively correlated with levels of serum calcium, lymphocytes, and neutrophils but negatively correlated with CRP, fibrinogen, and\n<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010dimer values. Furthermore, patients with moderate or severe courses of COVID\u201019 had significantly higher inflammatory markers (CRP,\n<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010dimer, and fibrinogen), as well as lower levels of serum calcium, vitamin D, lymphocytes, and neutrophils than those with mild COVID\u201019 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In the multivariate analysis, fibrinogen level on admission was detected as the independent predictor of severe COVD\u201019 (odds ratio\u2009=\u20091.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.03\u20131.09; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study indicated associations between the severity of COVID\u201019, serum vitamin D concentrations, and some inflammatory markers in pediatric COVID\u201019 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T04:23:16Z","timestamp":1649305396000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Association of vitamin D status with COVID\u201019 disease severity in pediatric patients: A retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3048-1725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solmaz","family":"Heidari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9157-1922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shooka","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0546-7633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Fathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz 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