{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:13:46Z","timestamp":1793060026536,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection causes zoonotic hepatitis in Europe, with a higher risk of complications in immunocompromised hosts. HEV natural history in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients is not fully understood, and its prevalence is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the seroprevalence of HEV and prevalence of chronic HEV in HIV\u2010positive patients from Porto, Portugal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We randomly selected patients from the cohort of HIV\u2010positive patients followed in our hospital. We performed an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay to search for immunoglobulin G for HEV. When the absorbance\/cut\u2010off was inferior to 3.5, the test was repeated, and a confirmatory test executed in that sample. For reactive tests and for immunosuppressed patients (CD4 count\u2009&lt;\u2009200\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) with nonreactive test, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was also performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 299 patients. The mean age was 48\u00a0and 75.3% were men. Regarding HIV infection, the median follow\u2010up time was 10 years, the acquisition was mainly heterosexual contact, and 94% were on antiretroviral therapy. Seventy\u2010six patients (25.4%) had reactive immunoglobulin G (IgG)\u00a0hepatitis E serology. Patients with a reactive test were older (statistically significant difference). Otherwise, there was no difference between groups concerning birthplace, rural residence, chronic viral hepatitis coinfection, or cirrhosis. Nadir and actual T<jats:sub>CD4+<\/jats:sub> lymphocyte counts did not differ significantly from patients with HEV reactive and nonreactive serology. Gamma\u2010glutamyl\u2010transferase (GGT) was higher in patients with reactive IgG HEV. All serum HEV PCR tests were negative.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seroprevalence of HEV was 25.4% in HIV\u2010positive patients. Older age and higher GGT correlated to HEV reactive IgG test. No cases of current hepatitis E were found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T08:46:08Z","timestamp":1653036368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Hepatitis E in a Portuguese cohort of human immunodeficiency virus positive patients: High seroprevalence but no chronic infections"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4557-5508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Filipe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Porto  Porto 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