{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T21:44:50Z","timestamp":1783547090453,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reinvestigated the causes, symptoms, and management of childhood pericardial effusion (PE) and its gradual changes during recent years in a referral pediatric cardiology center in the south of Iran.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed the profile of PE patients who were under 18 years old from 2015 to 2020. The patient's demographic, clinical, and paraclinical information was extracted and analyzed using SPSS software.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>In general, 150 out of 63,736 admitted patients (0.23% of the total pediatric admissions) were diagnosed with PE (male\/female 1:1.17). The median age was 3.25 years (range:\\ 2 days to 18 years; interquartile range: 9.5), and 50% of them were under 3 years of age. 32.6% had moderate to severe PE. Most patients presented with acute symptoms (68%) and respiratory problems, as the most common symptoms (30.6%). Tamponade signs were presented in 2% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093) of the patients, and 80.7% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009121) were in a stable hemodynamic condition. In total, renal failure (22%) and parapneumonic effusion were the leading etiologies. Viral (7%) and bacterial (5%) pericarditis were the seventh\u00a0and eighth\u00a0causes; however, in severe cases, renal failure (22%) and bacterial pericarditis (14%) were dominant. In total, 14.1% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921) of the patients needed pericardiocentesis that increased to 78.3% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918) in severe cases. Only 6% had persistent PE for more than 3 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Childhood PE is mostly a result of renal failure and noninfectious causes. True pericarditis cases are not common, except in severe cases. It is more common in less than 3\u2010year\u2010old patients, and chronicity is rare. Severe cases had a high chance of pericardiocentesis, but other cases were mainly managed by treatment of the underlying causes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T10:55:04Z","timestamp":1653303304000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pericardial effusion among children: Retrospective analysis of the etiology and short\u2010term outcome in a referral center in the south of Iran"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Nima","family":"Mehdizadegan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Amoozgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Pournajaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Edraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Naghshzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Nima","family":"Yazdani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-007-9014-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S104795110300026X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31822251ba"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2017.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2011.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/KP.2015.0228"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e318187e03e"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","volume-title":"Pericardial Effusion","author":"Willner DA","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.1.2.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2016.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520973091"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-017-0867-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2017.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2018.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.12763"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3181a3936f"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14640"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","unstructured":"NessaL RoufMA SenSS MunshiMYA ShahriarA. Pericardial effusion in children and outcome:experience from Tertiary Care Hospital Noakhali Bangladesh. Chest Heart J.2015;39:75\u201088."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4103\/rcm.rcm_31_18","article-title":"Pericardial effusion and outcome in children at a Tertiary Hospital in North\u2010Western Nigeria: a 2\u2010year retrospective review","volume":"8","author":"Peter ID","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001480","article-title":"Presenting signs and symptoms of pericardial effusions in the pediatric emergency department","volume":"35","author":"Cully M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002460010081"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001483"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.17.1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.04.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00778-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1998.tb01514.x"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.652","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.652","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.652","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T19:17:00Z","timestamp":1727291820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.652"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.652"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.652","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-02-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e652"}}