{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T12:38:08Z","timestamp":1770727088724,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> and Hookworm infections are prevalent in West Africa and they cause iron deficiency anemia and protein malnutrition in Children. Immune response of these parasites interact and their interactions could have repercussions on vaccine development and efficacy. The current goal of hookworm eradication lies on vaccination. We evaluated the effect of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> coinfection and albendazole treatment on naturally acquired antibody profile against hookworm L3 stage larvae antigen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a longitudinal study, 40 individuals infected with <jats:italic>Necator americanus<\/jats:italic>\u00a0only, 63 participants infected with <jats:italic>N. americanus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>,\u00a0and 36 nonendemic controls (NECs) were recruited. The study was done in the Kintampo North Metropolis of Ghana. Stool and blood samples were taken for laboratory analyses. Serum samples were obtained before hookworm treatment and 3\u2009weeks after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The malaria\u2010hookworm (<jats:italic>N. americanus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>) coinfected subjects had significantly higher levels of IgE (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.30, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[0.12, 0.48], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023) and IgG3 (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.15, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[0.02, 0.52], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004) compared to those infected with hookworm only (<jats:italic>N. americanus<\/jats:italic>). The <jats:italic>N. americanus<\/jats:italic> groups had significantly higher levels of IgG3 (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.39, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[0.14\u20130.62], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) compared to the control group. Similarly, <jats:italic>N. americanus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> coinfected participants had significantly higher levels of IgE (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.35, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[0.70\u20130.39], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) and IgG3 (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.54, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[0.22\u20130.76], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002). Moreover, albendazole treatment led to a significant reduction in IgE, IgA, IgM, and IgG3 antibodies against hookworm L3 stage larvae (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> is associated with improved IgE and IgG response against hookworm L3 stage larvae. Treatment with single dose of albendazole led to reduction in naturally acquired immune response against hookworm infection. Thus, <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> infection may have a boosting effect on hookworm vaccine effectiveness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T10:10:32Z","timestamp":1655201432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i> coinfection is associated with improved IgE and IgG3 response against hookworm antigens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5168-4762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel A.","family":"Sakyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana  Legon Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bright","family":"Adu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana  Legon Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Opoku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology  Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Kumasi Center for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antwi","family":"Brewoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast  Cape Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amma","family":"Larbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6423-1885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel K.","family":"Baafour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana  Legon Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel K.","family":"Tchum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kintampo Health Research Center, Ghana Health Service Kintampo\u2010North Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland O.","family":"Saahene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast  Cape Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4706-0046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilfred","family":"Aniagyei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology  Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Kumasi Center for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Sewor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences University of Cape Coast  Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Courtin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 261 MERIT Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD),\u00a0Universit\u00e9 de Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cappello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnerships for Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Gyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana  Legon Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4086-3033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Amoani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences University of Cape Coast  Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-37"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/524070"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"WHO.World Malaria Report 2020: 20 Years of Global Progress and Challenges. WHO; 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-5-99"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"Helminth Infections: Soil\u2010Transmitted Helminth Infections and Schistosomiasis. In Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries","author":"Hotez P","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.09-0237"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00563-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1183"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.8.4924"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2006.00901.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00344-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06027-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0444"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra032492"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2009.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-013-0116-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006483"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytox.2019.100014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222382"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic Medical Parasitology","author":"Garcia LS","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001280"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2007.00950.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/ajms.v9i3.19294"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Complement factors and circulating immune complexes in children with urinary schistosomiasis and asymptomatic malaria","volume":"34","author":"Arinola O","year":"2005","journal-title":"Afr J Med Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01433-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)90170-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011001181"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.9.5412-5418.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2010.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0407214"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12702"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012764"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1489-0_5","article-title":"Helpful or a hindrance: co\u2010infections with helminths during malaria","volume":"828","author":"Layland LE","year":"2014","journal-title":"How Helminths Alter Immun Infect"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2736"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230930"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.14.5484"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00748-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2010.01267.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.257-264.2006"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.672","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hsr2.672","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.672","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T16:31:57Z","timestamp":1692635517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.672"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.672","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e672"}}