{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T18:01:59Z","timestamp":1783101719421,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metformin is a widely used oral agent for controlling diabetes mellitus, but it also has other therapeutic benefits for various conditions. In addition, conventional oral metformin, and topical metformin have been used in, in\u2010vitro studies in the treatment of acne, psoriasis, wound healing, and and so forth. While topical metformin has shown promising results in animal studies, there is limited data on its effectiveness in humans. Our study aims to summarize the clinical findings of human studies on the efficacy of topical metformin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review followed the PRISMA standards and systematically searched multiple databases using specific keywords. The relevant articles were selected according to the inclusions and exclusions criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our search strategy yielded 1831 articles, after screening, 27 articles met our inclusion criteria which were: human studies, articles published before the start of the search, and topical forms of metformin. We also identified three additional relevant articles through reference checking. Therefore, our systematic review included a total of 30 articles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most commonly, topical metformin has been studied in dentistry and dermatology. In dentistry, it has been found effective in treating periodontitis when used with scaling and root planning. Combining metformin with platelet\u2010rich fibrin can provide better benefits for furcation\u2010involved teeth, and coating dental implants with metformin improves osseointegration. In dermatology, studies on melasma have had inconsistent results. Topical metformin has also shown promising results in promoting hair regrowth, wound healing, and acne vulgaris, suggesting it could be a potential treatment option for these conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T09:40:05Z","timestamp":1734601205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Systematic Review on Clinical Evidence for Topical Metformin: Old Medication With New Application"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9730-6801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimia","family":"Afshar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5292-3307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Adibfard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1747-1522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Nikbakht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2366-7804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fereshte","family":"Rastegarnasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4462-2883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahsa","family":"Pourmahdi\u2010Boroujeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1081-9477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahareh","family":"Abtahi\u2010Naeini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"},{"name":"Pediatric Dermatology Division of Department of Pediatrics, Imam Hossein Children's Hospital Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0010.3801"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155223"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105390"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1671"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0294"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04668.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962012000100012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.174388"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12349"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-024-02945-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063276"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7897\/2230-8407.1206140"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14239"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.11.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2020.07.182"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Topical Instillation of Metformin Prevents Oxidative Stress\u2010Induced Eye Lens Opacity Through Induction of AMPK\u2010Nrf2\u2010Mediated Antioxidant Pathway","volume":"63","author":"Singh D. P.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08982104.2018.1556291"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17512433.2015.977255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_292_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Comparative Evaluation of 1% Metformin Gel as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis With Scaling and Root Planing Alone: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"6","author":"Mushtaq I.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral Care and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.120298"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12150"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"Clinical and Radiographic Assessment of the Adjunctive Intra\u2010 Pocket Application of Triple\u2010Layer Mucoadhesive Metformin Film in Non\u2010Surgical Management of Chronic Periodontitis","volume":"15","author":"Kotry G. S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2017.150096"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_271_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","first-page":"1463","article-title":"Effect of Locally Administered 1% Metformin Gel in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis","volume":"9","author":"Grace S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Clinical Efficacy of 1% Metformin and Alendronate Intra\u2010Pocket Gel in Moderate Localized Chronic Periodontitis","volume":"47","author":"Arslaan M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rawal Medical Journal"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","article-title":"Comparative Study Between 1% Metformin and 1% Alendronate Gel in the Treatment of Infrabony Defects: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"14","author":"Mitra D.","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Journal of Dentistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical Efficacy of 1% Metformin Gel and Systemic Doxycycline in Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"20","author":"Mirza M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0434"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12324"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.21-0233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2015.140646"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/joddd.2019.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.120025"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Evaluation of the Effect of 1% Metformin Gel Coating on the Osseointegration Achieved Around Dental Implants Using Bone Mineral Density and Resonance Frequency Analysis\u2010A Clinical and Three\u2010Dimensional Radiographic Study","volume":"1","author":"Sharma H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Researchnt"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_534_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03591-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13145"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/jpri\/2019\/v30i430276"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14953"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","first-page":"llae274","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Weekly Topical Metformin Loaded Peel\u2010Off\u2010Mask in the Treatment of Melasma: A Split Face, Placebo\u2010Controlled Study","volume":"1","author":"El\u2010Komy M. H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Comparison of Effectiveness and Safety of Topical 30% Metformin Versus 4% Hydroquinone in the Treatment of Epidermal Melasma","volume":"34","author":"Hussain A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.17345"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.14165"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14868"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2019.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-019-01982-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12635"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.70281","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T07:30:49Z","timestamp":1745566249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.70281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.70281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.70281","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70281"}}