{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:56:29Z","timestamp":1792094189390,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The situation for medical education and healthcare in Sudan has been challenging for the recent years, and emigration of physicians is an ongoing problem threatening the healthcare system. We conducted this study to understand the future plans of medical students and their perceptions regarding their medical education and healthcare system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed this cross\u2010sectional study at five public and private Sudanese medical schools in November 2023. We distributed the questionnaire electronically through an Online Google Form via social media platforms, such as WhatsApp Messenger. Descriptive statistics were employed for the data analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age (\u00b1SD) of the students was 22.2 (\u00b12.7) years, and females constituted 61.8% (397) of the study sample. About 18% of the students rated their medical training as excellent, and half of them (50%) said that it was good. Nearly half of the students believed the quality of healthcare services in hospitals was poor (46%) along with a shortage or severe shortage in its number (49%). A majority (58.4%) thought frequently or constantly about leaving Sudan after graduation. Reasons given for leaving included better personal lifestyle, avoiding conflict, advanced training, and better professional opportunities and salary. Leading motives for staying included the pull of friends and family and a sense of responsibility to the country.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study indicated the pressing need for comprehensive interventions to address the challenges faced by medical students in Sudan. The strong desire to emigrate increased by the current conflict, coupled with concerns about the healthcare system and medical education, poses a significant threat to the future of healthcare services in the region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T01:38:28Z","timestamp":1736386708000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Challenges and Choices Amidst Military Conflict: The Present and Future of Medical Education and Healthcare in Sudan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2824-4642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohaib Mohammed Mokhtar","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gadarif Gadarif Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1549-8155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohanned Bushra","family":"Masaad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gadarif Gadarif Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Salah Abdulrazeg","family":"Abdulrahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Alzaiem Alazhari University Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0109-7331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elnazeir Mohamed Ibrahim","family":"Mohamedzain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gadarif Gadarif Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"World Bank.Fragility Conflict and Violence Overview.2015 http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/fragilityconflictviolence\/overview."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"The Cost of War Afghan Experiences of Conflict, 1978\u2013 2009","author":"Jackson A.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61873-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/M72R-DBKD-2XWV-HJWB"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","unstructured":"Government of Liberia MoPaEA. Mobilizing Capacity for Reconstruction and Development: National Human Development Report Liberia 2006. Monrovia: 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199203000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1211526"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04768-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24911\/SJP.106-1622725530"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01421590701812991"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.18502\/sjms.v14i4.5899","article-title":"The Path of Undergraduate Medical Education in Sudan","volume":"14","author":"Al Mahdi T. A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Professionalism and Good Medical Practice: The Role of Sudan Medical Council","volume":"45","author":"Karrar Z.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sudan Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","volume-title":"Brain Drain of Health Professionals in Sudan: Magnitude, Challenges and Prospects for Solution","author":"Badr E.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","unstructured":"Birth of SHAWG: Sudanese Expatriates Join the Fight Against AIDS in Sudan. 2009 https:\/\/shawg.sharepoint.com\/Documents\/shawg%20press%20coverage_english.pdf accessed 9 October 2023."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Migration of Health Professionals in Sudan: Need for a National Policy? Sudanese","volume":"6","author":"Badr E.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","volume-title":"Migration of Sudanese doctors to Ireland: push and pull factors. MSc thesis","author":"Ibrahim N.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04577-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-018-1156-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","unstructured":"The jamovi project. (2023). Jamovi (version 2.3) [Computer Software]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.jamovi.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","volume-title":"Annual Statistical Report","author":"Government of Sudan, Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH)","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","volume-title":"Migration of Sudanese doctors to Ireland: Push and Pull Factors. MSc Thesis","author":"Ibrahim N.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2014-132908"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01492-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","unstructured":"Lethbridge Human Resources for Health (HRH) Strategic Work Plan for Sudan (2008\u20102012). 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","unstructured":"M.Hammami \u201cExpat Arab Health Professionals: Brain Drain or Brain Gain\u2010DIFI International Seminar Doha Qatar. 2013\u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-016-0123-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/sjms.v12i3.924"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","article-title":"Workplace Violence Toward Doctors Working in Obstetrics and Gynecology Emergency Units in Khartoum North Locality, Sudan: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study","volume":"15","author":"Ali E. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-015-0018-2.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Violence Exposure Among Health Care Professionals in Saudi Public Hospitals. A Preliminary Investigation","volume":"33","author":"Algwaiz W. M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saudi Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N.Nurelhuda A.Bashir S.Elkogali M.Mustafa M.Kruk andM. A.Aziz \u201cEncouraging Junior Doctors to Work in Rural Sudan: A Discrete Choice Experiment \u201d Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 24 no. 9 (2018): 838\u2013845.","DOI":"10.26719\/2018.24.9.838"}],"container-title":["Health Science Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hsr2.70334","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T12:28:58Z","timestamp":1764160138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hsr2.70334"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hsr2.70334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.70334","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-8835","2398-8835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-8835","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-8835","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70334"}}